"Small-scale water" Engineering Analysis of factors affecting the property rights system reform

Feed small water conservancy projects of property rights reform is to transfer all or part of the property, sale, construction designed to improve the efficiency of this paper, small water conservancy projects from the reform of property rights to the many factors involved to start the analysis, select the appropriate mechanism system to ensure the smooth progress of reform of property rights.

Keywords: small-scale irrigation, property rights system

I. Introduction
Small-scale irrigation (also known as "small-scale water" project is a national, collective investment in the construction of the state, collective, rural small-scale water conservancy projects, including small II reservoirs and ponds, small water projects, small pumping stations, irrigation and small and medium-sized branch canal irrigation The following channels and water intake and other supporting buildings. "small-scale water" project is an important agricultural production and rural infrastructure facilities, its construction, to improve agricultural production capacity, improve agricultural production and farmers' living conditions and promote the rural economy and social development plays an important role as the market economy system and the deepening of rural reform, the former belong to the state, the collective of the "small-scale water" project management and decentralized management model farmers are incompatible, which increased agricultural difficult to manage irrigation facilities, limiting the effectiveness of irrigation and water conservancy facilities to play, making the destruction of farmland water conservancy facilities is even more prominent this end, Henan, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Liaoning and other provinces of the "small-scale water" project to take, such as contracting, leasing , auctions and other forms of shareholding cooperative system reforms that make an inventory of existing assets, broadening the investment channels for small-scale water conservancy projects, to invigorate the franchise, attracting private capital to join the ranks of new construction, increase the "small-scale water" quantity and improving the efficiency of water use, farmers are also a corresponding reduction in water disputes, engineering integrity has been greatly increased rate, etc. But "small-scale water" project in all aspects of the reform process there are many constraints, therefore, must be combined with the local feasibility conditions, well-designed Specific terms of the reform, to minimize operational risks, to stimulate the enthusiasm of farmers, to better integrate project management powers and duties transferred to the hands of business users.

Second, the "small-scale water" project in the problem of property rights reform
1, property rights reform is not complete, covers a little, according to survey data indicate that although many "small-scale water" works are carried out reform of property rights, property rights reform, but most projects are not complete, is shallow, the essence of management rights replacement of management responsibilities, most of them operating (profit right replacement simple daily management responsibility, property rights and to undertake people are basically the industry (in a variety of business, only to-day management of simple care, will require substantial funding and construction work and maintenance responsibility is still left to the government. In addition, the reform is limited to motor-pumped wells, earth element such as a single small water conservancy facilities, wells, and some reservoirs and ponds, watershed and other issues involving small, "small-scale water" narrow scope of the reform project .

2, water relations within the system does not straighten out, difficult to play the role of project through property rights reform, farmers have become the irrigation facilities of the "legal" or operator, was given independent legal status, the farmers of water as a statutory body. Property rights reforms , small water conservancy facilities, changed the nature of property rights, at the system level partitioning of the link between medium and small water conservancy facilities, leading to a systemic collapse of the water. sizes cut off contact between the water conservancy facilities, irrigation tends to disperse and small, the village and the village's collective right to allocate water to drought, the village group can not organize a unified construction of water conservancy, water is not guaranteed, and resilience down, lack of stability of agricultural production.

3, uneven progress of reforms in some places the "small-scale water" project reform of property rights in the larger context of fully open, and to take such as contracting, leasing, auctions and other forms of joint-stock cooperative mode of operation, these reforms make an inventory of existing assets, broadening the investment channels for small-scale water conservancy projects, thereby improving efficiency, while some places do not have the reform of property rights conditions, such as water conservancy facilities severely damaged, severe water pollution, inadequate support mechanisms for reform , business unprofitable, resulting in "small-scale water" project is still in the reform of property rights is not in serious stage before.

4, the reform of property rights led to the dislocation of national interests and the interests of farmers. The state's point of view, water has a strategic, concerning food safety, concerned with people's livelihood, is a political issue, rather than purely economic issues, while individual farmers from the point of view, Water is a family economic problems, is put into question with the calculation of earnings, investment enthusiasm of water from a rational cost-benefit calculation by the "ownership reform" of the farmers into the main water conservancy construction and management, the farmers, when considering whether the water input Of course, not our national security point of view of food production, but from the perspective of whether the cost-effective. to farmers as a water main to solve the water problem will result in divergence with the national strategic interests, because when the water input does not pay, the irrigation facilities will naturally be discarded. the water to individual farmers, on the digestion of its strategic. is essentially a national strategy to become one of the farmers' production problems, which also violates the original intention of the reform.

5, the state-owned and collective assets is serious. Survey shows that many places in order to complete higher authorities issued the "small-scale water" project task of reforming the system of property rights, the conditions are not available or no business case, part of the project does not define property rights, low-cost, even free of charge transferred to the operator, or fixed contract fee is very low, or it does not require the contract fee, contracts, agreements and other instruments are not standardized, resulting in the loss of state-owned and collective assets, a serious condition.

Third, the "small-scale water" engineering factor analysis of property rights reform
1, small-scale water "project property is not in place appropriate policy reforms, market mechanism requires" small-scale water "project property is clear, secure, transferable and can be implemented, this property can be guaranteed to property owners continue to invest with confidence but "small-scale water" project property is in the exploratory stage of reform, involving shallow depth, coupled with the impact of the planned economic system, most of the cadres and the masses of the lack of awareness of property rights reform, the concept has not changed completely in the long-term water break management mechanism of thinking, there are still significant limitations, the prevalence of fear of risk, fear of investing, fear of policy changes and other ideological obstacles.

2, characteristics of the project itself. "Small-scale water" project with a regional natural monopolies and quasi-public goods characteristics, providing a higher degree of shared services, exclusive high cost of many "small-scale water" works from the source to the water distribution office, In addition to underground pipes, is basically open-type, and water line is very long, the operator can not be on duty all day, even if we could do that, due to the weak nature of agriculture, the cost may be far greater than the benefits, seriously damaged the interests of the operator while "small-scale water" strong asset specificity, the current dry season is generally only in the event of utilization, weather conditions encountered during the basic idle, farmers receiving little or no irrigation services , still need to pay the same with the other years the cost of contracting operators are not enthusiastic.

3, the social factors. "Small-scale water" market-oriented business relationships in the rural environment of this stress may be more hindered due to the village as the water of birth, growth and survival of the place, the village is a family relationship with mixed feelings of nostalgia, mixed feelings of this water will bring the collection up. collection process so that operators embarrassment and unbearable, feel "for little money and not worth losing face" and finally to abandon the project operational. In addition, as the project property related to national food security, small government and water users are willing to allow the works to hold the operators of permanent property rights. works even though the property but not the normal flow, which can not easily transfer or inheritance to a lack of security.

Links to free download http://www.hi138.com 4, the lack of engineering and technology management. "Small-scale water" project after the reform of property rights, the lack of project management, especially water and technical personnel in place, resulting in safety engineering operation and management rules and regulations are not perfect, the necessary reinforcement works, maintenance and reconstruction, engineering, and continued construction of flood control and other security work is not rational planning, almost no routine inspections, engineering, utilization is low, the operator can not guarantee the economic benefits, positive greatly reduced.

5, the monitoring mechanism not in place. On the property rights system engineering process, results and follow-up management oversight mechanisms in place, contracts, agreements and other instruments of execution is not effectively guaranteed. "Small-scale water" project contract, with the vast majority of rental income nothing to do with the water in other expenses, can not achieve the "water for water" virtuous circle.

Fourth, to promote "small-scale water" project reform of property rights mechanism of the response
1, the success of the "small-scale water" before the reform of property rights system works publicity. The "small-scale water" system of property rights reform projects focus on unity and improve thinking and understanding of the cadres and masses, and mobilize their enthusiasm and creativity. Use of the forms propaganda "small-scale water" project the importance of property rights reform and related policies and regulations and create an atmosphere, so that the cadres and masses to further emancipate the mind, changing concepts of "small-scale water" works well for property rights reform has laid a good basis for the idea.

2 and improve the "small-scale water" project reform of property rights protection mechanisms, according to survey data, the relative success of any reform, "small-scale water" project, most have adapted to protect the supporting mechanism, such as incentives to demand that the project managers and operators, specifically, "small-scale water" project ownership and subject to the property owner to provide a degree of reasonable earnings expectations, to stimulate people's enthusiasm, give full play to people's initiative to stimulate economic owner acts, to make the project run efficiently. To ensure the standardization of property rights reform, the need to build a monitoring mechanism, "small-scale water" project operation and management mechanism to establish the appropriate restraint, according to national laws, regulations and policies of "small-scale water "project management and management control and supervision to the rule of orbit to ensure the standardization of project management, improve service quality but also to establish a favorable operating mechanism, so that after the transfer of property owners and property holders by rights are protected, is conducive to a long-term behavior of the economy, property rights transfer mechanism running smoothly, can promote the regular flow of resources, but also help to promote optimal allocation of resources, improve the efficient use of resources.

3, do point to an area of ​​work. Grasp the typical play of a typical model and the leading role. Select some convenient transportation, good infrastructure, favorable conditions of work, according to the first small and then big, the easier issues first, the first point of the back way to develop a pilot program, to achieve success, sum up experience, and thus to popularize.

4, strengthening organizational leadership and supervision of the Government should organize water, finance, agriculture, planning and other related departments, in-depth research, with the actual situation, the development of relevant reforms and a package of measures to regulate the property rights reform act. Meanwhile, authorities in accordance with the principles of hierarchical management, regularly perform their duties on the contracting parties to conduct supervision and inspection to prevent extensive management and predatory short-term acts, actively and steadily push forward the reform process, ensure that the reform process and results.

5, to ensure voluntary participation, democratic decision-making. Small irrigation facilities is a revolution in property rights reform, policy, and involves a wide range of difficult, so must be stable as a precondition for the development for the purpose, adhere to the mass line respect the wishes of the masses of small water conservancy facilities, reform of property rights should be taken to open, just and fair principles in the clarity of property rights on the basis of good asset valuation, according to the small and medium scale irrigation facilities, status and benefits, etc., in listen to the views of the cadres and the masses on the basis of reasonable rental fees, contracting fees, reserve price auction, bidding for the public to sell.

6, handle the ownership, management rights and management relations. Facilities for small and medium irrigation projects can take ownership of a one-time auction method, the purchaser has the right to ownership of assets and income to achieve the ownership, management rights, usufruct of organic unified the same time, coordinate the reform, development and stability, we must boldly explore but also cautious and properly handle the property right system for small and medium water conservancy facilities in rural household contract responsibility system reform and the relationship to achieve reform, development, and stable unity.

V. Conclusion
"Small-scale water" project is to improve the efficiency of property rights reform, and promote healthy functioning of facilities an effective way, but the reform of property rights is not an isolated incident, not only associated with irrigation facilities should be based on "small-scale water" project features , according to local conditions, develop operating procedures of science to advantage, so that the "small-scale water" healthy and stable property rights reform projects running.

Main References:
[1] Ming Jiang Jian, etc. Rural reform of property rights of small water [J]. The rural economy, 2007.7.

[2] Tian Po De, Fan Jingbo. Small water system of property rights system needs innovation [J]. China's rural water conservancy and hydropower, 2007.3.

[3] Zhou Xiaoping. Irrigation and water conservancy facilities, property rights reform principles and constraints analysis [J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2009.6.

[4] Li Shaomin. Status of capital construction of farmland water conservancy, causes and countermeasures [J]. Henan Agriculture, 2005.12.

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