Analysis of the late Qing and early Republican temple and shrine social \ economic significance

[Paper Keywords] the social significance of the economic significance of the temple shrine
[Abstract] In traditional China, folk beliefs and people's daily life is always closely linked to these activities on the impact of social and livelihood issues such as how there seems there is room for further exploration of this paper is intended to end of the Qing Dynasty in Suzhou temple and shrine to some analysis to explain its positive significance.


First, the organizers of the temple shrine Shinto mostly witch

In terms of civil religion is essentially an expression of the psychological needs of people, a god more to meet people's psychological needs, naturally, the more they can get people worship. So, how the gods made people trust? Which necessarily related to the witch Shinto (here's Road, uncertainty refers to the priests, the Pan-person group called the ritual role.

In the end of the Qing era, Suzhou has a lot of witch Shinto in many cases, they are not only the creator of the gods, but gods continue to strengthen the people's psychological identity. Back in the early Ming was the prefect of Suzhou, a famous scholar Gao Qi there <<in the witch-line>> a poem, describing the local people believe the wind witch: "Azeri sick not to drink medicine, ghost gods, but the one infected, go meet the old witch night seance, red carp aspect Aries Chen, the former case, thanks to attentive children, a poor family of God Wuguai no meat dish, and the old witch inspired hit song, and more paper money soso chilly wind, witch Yanru life when only this, the concept of God Yu Qian Yu died on credit, to allay launched witch out, the family estate board Evocation cry. "
Witch Shinto practice, the procedure is generally to their designated a temple, placed feast, God arranged code, the start please God, Theosophical, singing books and other procedures, and finally to Send-off at the end.

Again, the <<Qing poetry duo "who there Qing Wu Jiang Yuan Tang, a poem, the poem he vividly described for us the local temple during the image of a witch and practice of the process: male and female, to stagger . incense all seated, the old witch language Haloxylon. words are not absolutely, prosperous and stiff kick, face turned gray, mouth flow foam, chilly wind soughing to, want to shade off the lights. sound of faint voices lonely ghost, house towering forest of hair, a woman Changgui sad old witch, mad husband Benjamin shirt look ignorant, Lennon is willing to enjoy the night slaughter swine and sheep of God. not lack of gold on rice cakes.

Spring back to the old witch laugh, I love and not money, Did God greed Chinese feast, just because Shannan Zi good woman, to many friends and before God, Cibei An abandoned tolerance relative to donate.

Temple shrine of the wind to the height of the Qing Dynasty, such as Zhang Zilin in <<Red Orchid Plaza by>> intermediary Shaojia Road years, when the situation said: Wu vulgar King of spirits is still witch wizard, so the temples are all Chonghuan.

Suzhou City, the City God is a God, there are three a year, for the Ching Ming, Chung-yuan, and burned clothing section. The old regulations to Tiger Festival Alone, the government will come into the ceremony magistrate. City God out of government began only after the City God is also a county. Soon after, communal land to make out.

• Gu Qing Lu <<ching Ka recorded>> documented, that the Lunar June 24 "as the Erlang birthday, thanks to those who suffer from ulcers in the turnip door of the temple prayer, worship of the will to the white rooster."
Ming Qian Xi have read words <<cunning Park>> Twelfth "Yin Si" <<erlangmiao>> one, describes the customs of Suzhou turnip door erlangmiao: "Biography of God was born on June 24 of Chen. first overnight, immediately went to wish the PCT, walkers day and night without a break, prostitutes in particular, more tomorrow that contribute to a feast of money to carry load swing Tour Wu Cheng thin boy, with pull partners, to erlangmiao in the same declaration marry. a into the temple, then À into the Pearl Green leaves, double thanks to double, the day that often, God does not think that different. "prostitutes also founder can worship, really opened the eyes of.

Kunshan, Taicang area Dongyue will, Yang master, master and other temple square, and a matter of voluntary service men and women. Home with weddings and funerals, also please say, "declared volume" practices.

Second, the temple shrine on the livelihood of positive

Tournament will be held in private activities, not only about religion, in fact, on the other side is more about some people's livelihoods. This type of activity in the car service, musicians, etc., they in fact it is through the tournament activities to pursue their livelihoods. Share on free download http://www.hi138.com as Changshu "Zhou Xiaozi out would" go against the wife by the female beggar makeup, comb peony head, wearing a pink cloth high-soled shoes, flags back bang, male beggar lift output sedan cried.

Suzhou Dongshan, June 24 Every year there are "out of Reggie" temple. From new flooded, flooded tens of thousands of people in the villages, were carried out by land and sea "out of Reggie" and blessing of the folk culture activities, play Boat boxing, boat load swing, dragon dancing and finally, focus on the leading mountain turnip Temple pilgrimage and temple festivals held in these "out of Forever" campaign, where generally affluent big money, by line of artisan activities need to fight the system objects for the collection of wages. The activities of the temple servants, but also profit. This is perhaps for the sake of both their own well-being, or is a means of livelihood, with their poor socio-economic status is compatible.

Suzhou Qing Yuan Xuelan they believe that civil tournament although the "Fan fee excessive, as no good, solid non-Chong model of the London Road." "Gu Hua Wu vulgar extravagant, but the poor seeking food alone is easy. He squandered its vertical pleases, where Executive noted that the fiber industry, to be to give cooking, and life without Dongnei who Bibi is. also goes to the rich side relative to capital, a government which is useless can not see much of the implementation of literal-minded, anti-folk is the ancient and brutal. "
Gugong Xie also said: "The Soviet Union County, five parties, such as temples, theater hall, boat, crickets, quail and other bureau, the poor are major economic support hospital, once ordered to change industry, it certainly to unemployment, and the flow of travel club for beggars for thieves, no end of harm also. "proved their view is correct, such as the reign of Emperor Qianlong, the Soviet Union has forbidden women to seek Fu Chen Rusi burn incense, but in practice soon, because of the" three little clog Spring, Yu Fu , Mariner, the generation of hands-free to make a living "and lead to" material proposed outcry from the Chi Jin. "
Lunar New Year is Erlang's birthday June 24, is Suzhou folk festival - "watching Holland Festival." Suzhou flower, the lotus is of lightness finds a soft spot. Lunar month is is the lotus in full bloom. is the morning, east of the local people will sell in erlangmiao the firefly light (thin strips for the frame and then paste or white tissue paper with thin plastic inner receptacle horns firefly insects, flowers, mud babies, visitors and even partners. seen, bar lights Carpenter, pinching clay figurines and other artisans can derive their livelihood.

Again, the Tiger Hill in Suzhou City God three times a year out of ponds will be. Each a will, the viewer along ponds and clouds. And thus led to the development of related industries, such as ponds and restaurants taverns lined the streets, and ponds Street boat shipping industry, particularly interesting is said that whenever the gods before the tournament, had already drawn Barcarolle Fang "is not restored, cover more than booked before January, although many times their price, nor cause to, in addition to boat Yi Jie the employment speech. "
Again another example, Kunshan Katsuura declared volume practitioners. "Volume declared," originated in the Tang Dynasty, the monks of the "vulgar talk." It is the use of folk singing, which allows people to listen to the sad story and the characters, and joy, And love, and hate in Suzhou and farm rural temple weddings and funerals, birthday, new home built, shaved baby activities among the general people like to roll your excitement about propaganda, in order to pray asserting disaster. declared as much volume Practitioners to solve the livelihood of rural surplus labor. In fact, you can tell, the activities of the temple shrine stable society.

Temple shrine boom also led to other business activities, such as Suzhou, the city's paper horses incense shop, craft foil (According to statistics, only recently liberated when I foil the industry is still one thousand urban development, rural joy classes, even also affected the national musical instrument manufacturing industry.

In short, the late Qing dynasty temple, shrine activities, the objective to solve many people's livelihoods, employment, social stability is also conducive to the rule, and its positive social significance is very clear.


References:
[1] Yuan Xuelan: <<Wu Jun-year-old Hua Jili>> [M] Jiangsu Ancient Book Publishing House.

[2] Gu Gongxie: <<Summer idle mind excerpt>>
[3] Zhang Zilin: <<Red Orchid Plaza by>>. [M] Shanghai: Shanghai Bookstore Publishing House, 1994 copies
[4] In <<Wu County>> [M] Jiangsu Ancient Book Publishing House Share in 1991 copies for free download http://www.hi138.com