IAHP tourist attractions based on analysis of the crisis evaluation papers to write network _

Papers to write net: [Abstract] Tourism is an environmentally sensitive industry crisis will change the Tourism development is often required to secure and stable environment, and ultimately endanger the economic benefits of Tourism destinations and sustainable development. This crisis in the definition of tourist attractions management on the basis of content, built tourist attractions crisis management evaluation index system, and using improved AHP set weight, and finally to Maijishan Grottoes scenic spot as an example of empirical Research.

[Keywords] area of ​​crisis management; index system, improved AHP; Maijishan Grottoes

Foreign Tourism crisis management Research began in the 1970s, mainly related to the impact of terrorism on Tourism, war, political unrest has brought the crisis to the tourism industry and the impact of natural disasters and other aspects of tourism, but more focused on the study abroad The tourism crisis has occurred, or may occur on the impending crisis of tourism, although there are involved, but overall little Research [1]. China's tourism crisis management Research began in the 1990s, and the few and scattered literature, only After a major crisis will have more people concerned about crisis management. Some scholars have tried to build tourist attractions crisis management framework, but most of the studies remain on the surface, the lack of in-depth systematic theoretical analysis of tourism before the crisis early warning, assessment, pre-control and other Research operability is not obvious. This crisis management in the tourism area as defined on the basis of content, to build a tourism area of ​​crisis management evaluation system, and using improved AHP set weight, and finally to Maijishan Grottoes area, for example, empirical research .


1 tourist attractions meaning of crisis management

Tourist attractions is the area of ​​crisis management through a series of interconnected, continuous management tools to maximize the crisis could prevent and mitigate the threat posed to the area and restore consumer confidence in Travel and tourism, the environment, and even into the crisis transfer of the entire management process. a complete tourist attractions for tourism crisis management process should be at different stages of evolution of the crisis area, the appropriate measures were taken by different management strategies and crisis management to crisis management purposes. tourist attractions pre-crisis early warning and prevention, including risk collection, risk management and crisis early warning, tourist attractions in the handling of the crisis, including the rapid integration of response resources, to focus on launching and implementation of emergency programs, tourism, post-crisis recovery and image reconstruction, including strong government support and active rescue, reshape the tourism destination image, restore public confidence in Travel.


2 tourist attractions crisis management index system

In reference to a number of scholars on the basis of [2], in accordance with this article is divided in three phases of crisis management approach, from pre-crisis risk assessment and early warning, crisis assessment and crisis in a timely performance evaluation after three stages of crisis management of scenic spots system to be divided, the establishment of risk management, early warning management, public relations management, communication management, decision analysis and risk indicators of recovery six second start in the next six secondary indicators and set up a 24-level indicators.


3 tourist attractions quantitative analysis of crisis management

3.1 The improved AHP to determine the weight
AHP is a well-known American professor at the University of operations research Pittsburgh T. L. Saaty in the 1970s proposed a multi-objective decision analysis method [3] This paper studies found that the ordinary AHP 1-9 scale according to the structure factor relative to the next level of a factor on the relative level determine the importance of matrix on the one hand, increasing the difficulty of experts to judge the other hand, most of the indicators with both a qualitative indicators, but also contains quantitative indicators, to determine the matrix structure of great difficulty, making full use of analytic hierarchy method for sorting and selection of priority indicators have greater difficulties in this paper presents an improved level of analysis, the following steps:
3.1.1 Comparison between the structural factors that determine levels of matrix
According to tourist attractions crisis management evaluation system, the comparison between the structural layers of factors to determine the matrix elements of the same level as the criteria for the next layer of the dominant role of certain elements, while elements of it are on a level of control For a layer of factors, in all its next level, the factors associated with it in turn the importance of the two pairwise comparisons or beneficial relationship, according to the indicators "important", "important" and "not important ", respectively" 2 "," 1 "and" 0 "3 quantified the value scale (see Table 2. The resulting matrix is ​​called three scale matrix, it said on the various factors relative to layer of the importance of relationship factors [4].

3.1.2 AHP obtained indirectly determine the matrix
Three scale comparison matrix does not accurately reflect the various factors in the relative importance of a criterion level, so it must be converted into a level of analysis to determine the characteristics and nature of the matrix, as AHP indirect comparison matrix. The use of the above comparison matrix C to calculate the index in order of importance of each factor ri, namely:
rmax = max {ri} rmin = min {ri}
Indirect calculation to determine the matrix elements bi j. If the index with the corresponding Amax represents the maximum order of elements, Amin said the sort index of the corresponding elements of the smallest, with bm Amax and Amin said that when compared to the scale given by a certain degree of importance, you can use calculated the relative importance of each element between the extent of the judge matrix elements.

3.1.3AHP indirectly determine the weight matrix calculation
Constructed from the matrix to determine the matrix element B, followed by calculating the matrix to determine the largest eigenvalue and corresponding eigenvector, Single-level sorting, the total level of order and consistency of inspection steps. To determine the matrix B is:

4 Empirical analysis - for example Maijishan Grottoes scenic spot

Maijishan located in Tianshui City, 50 km south-east Maijishan Maiji village south of the existing Buddhist Kukan 194, clay stone, stone of more than 7 200 tire clay body, 1 300 square meters of murals, all cut Kukan cliffs above the cliff, located in East and West Liangya. Dongya existing 54 caves, 140 West Cliff existing caves .1982 years Maijishan scenic spots by the State Council approved the inclusion of the first national scenic area list. In recent years, although Maijishan Grottoes scenic spot in the natural environment, scenic protection and development, area management, and achieved some success, but scenic resources, services, capital, management system, etc. There is a certain crisis, the paper wheat plot Grottoes scenic spot for evaluation of crisis proportions.

Links to free download http://www.hi138.com 4.1 Maijishan Grottoes scenic quantitative evaluation of crisis
Determine the tourist attractions in the evaluation of crisis management, the weight of each index, the use of experts (three tourism executives, three area managers, college teachers, 2, 20 tourists scoring method in all indicators of crisis management by 5 points grades to be divided, where "excellent" for the [88.37,100], "better" is [65.78,88.37, "general" is [48.33,65.78, "poor" is [22.98,48.33, "very poor" to [0,22.98, Table 5 to tourism executives, area managers, college teachers, and tourists paid Maijishan Grottoes scenic spot the indicators of crisis management questionnaire score and finally the use of the formula (4 calculated to be E = 47.37, according to Table 5 shows, crisis management Maijishan Grottoes scenic status as "poor."
4.2 Maijishan Grottoes area of ​​crisis management measures
4.2.1 the protection and rational exploitation of resources, to create new tourist attraction
Maijishan scenic resource conservation Authority should strengthen efforts to strengthen the planning of the force of law, religious sites within the area to stop in time and the unit indiscriminate digging, construction of illegal behavior. Grotto for water seepage problem, the first cracks in the defense of seepage grouting, while in the water hole on the cliff caves, the caves in order to control water seepage. Maijishan Tianshui Tianshui area can be based on rich historical heritage combined with modern pilgrimage tourism, health tourism, leisure tourism and other modern forms of tourism development of new products can be developed in the desert "oasis" theme of a series of tourism products, and give full play. " Frontier small Jiangnan "resources. 4.2.2 to improve overall service area
Improve the physical service area, increase capital investment, repair, construction area of ​​infrastructure, construction of recreational facilities, scenic addition, to strengthen environmental protection area, to improve the scenic tour environment, such as a refuse site, etc. to improve intangible service area, the area practitioners staff more professional and systematic training, and improve post-training evaluation system to improve the overall quality of personnel and related capabilities. Finally, the perfect system of complaints from tourists, such as setting up a small mailbox, distribution and other visitor satisfaction survey.

4.2.3 increase investment
Make ends meet Maijishan area seriously affected the financial position of the sustainable development area, so area should be based on "bringing in and going out" principle, through the investment to expand funding sources. First, the area to create a good investment environment to attract domestic and foreign capital again, the area should be devoted to the establishment of foreign capital department, allocated special funds to arrange for professionals and experts. Finally, the area to enhance their own value and to develop forward-looking area development plan to improve the area Maijishan appeal.

4.2.4 strengthen the crisis management during a crisis
(1) before the crisis of crisis management is recommended Maijishan Grottoes scenic spot early warning mechanism to establish a scientific model must first strengthen the area of ​​risk decision-makers awareness of the risk management area, followed by the crisis area to establish early warning mechanisms, to enhance the risk recognition sensitivity, the ability to improve risk management area again to strengthen the efforts to control the crisis will resolve the crisis in the bud early.

(2 crisis of crisis management is recommended Maijishan managers to coordinate decision-making in a crisis area and the general public, media relations in crisis as much as possible after the interests of protection of tourists and the media timely and effective communication in the area of ​​crisis management Maijishan scores in each index, policy makers and lower the quality score, which in the daily management of scenic spots should strengthen the quality of training for decision makers, such as conducting training in crisis management and crisis management theory and other field research .

(3 crisis of crisis management is recommended to strengthen crisis Maijishan area of ​​publicity and destination image reconstruction. Area can be for the public, tourists, Travel agencies and other publicity, the focus of advocacy is to eliminate people's crises fear, to re-establish a sense of trust, re-establish the scenic image. area can be combined packaging of tourism products and introduce new lines, etc., and provide a more favorable price and high quality service.

(4) ensure the smooth flow of information, full power of the media. Tourism crisis communication is the tourism organization in crisis, through a certain medium for transmission, exchange and feedback, thoughts and attitudes, feelings and values ​​of a series of activities [4 ] recommended that managers should Maijishan scenic caves believed to play a power of the media to be responsible to communicate with the media, this paper suggested Maijishan Grottoes area should establish an information release center, tourist information to the media on a regular basis to maintain and public communication in the crisis, released through the media, News Bulletin, and regularly issued Travel warnings and other crises, so that information public, transparent for the public to keep abreast of the latest Maijishan Grottoes scenic spot.


Main references
[1] Adam Blake and M Thea Sinclair. Tourism Crisis Management: US Response to September 11 [J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2003,30 (4:813-832.

[2] Deng Bing, Wu Bihu, Cai Liping. Domestic and international tourism crisis management, a review [J]. Tourism Science, 2004,18 (1.

[3] Du Gang. Management of the foundations of mathematics - Theory and Applications [M]. Tianjin: Tianjin University Press, 2003.

[4] LI Jiu Quan, Li Kaiyu, Zhang Y.. Travel and tourism crisis management crisis [J]. Geography, 2003,18 (6:35-39. Links to free download http://www.hi138.com