Anhui Yangtze River Delta to undertake the transfer of micro-industry perspective of the gradient

Abstract: Since reform and opening, the Yangtze River Delta, with its strategic geographic advantage and national policy tilt, China quickly became one of the most Economically developed regions, and Anhui as history, geography, policy and other factors, was "depression" in land of China. in terms of volume, or the relative amount of point of view, Anhui and the Yangtze River Delta Economic gradient has been formed, Anhui Yangtze River Delta to undertake industrial transfer is imperative. This paper mainly from the main micro-industrial gradient transfer - business point of view, elaborated on the Yangtze River Delta area businesses to migrate to Anhui reasons.

Keywords: gradient transfer of industries, business migration

Industrial transfer is one of the basic law of Economic Development, whether industrial area of ​​international industrial transfer, or transfer, subject always to promote the transfer of industry, not only is the enterprise or other government agencies, enterprises were about to leave the industrial transfer has no real meaning, no transfer of micro-industry practice subject. the transfer of industries and business migration exists between the mutually reinforcing relationship, first, transfer of industry to promote business migration. industry is a shift to a certain level of Economic Development the only way to roll-out in order to upgrade the industrial structure bound to a range of policies to encourage enterprises to migrate, and into the ground for Economic Development will also promote the transfer of industrial enterprises to migrate to open the door, followed by the enterprise migration driven industries. enterprise is an enterprise to migrate some or all of its production business activities from one region to another region, in fact, is the company's location and then the selection process. After the first migration of the migration of business enterprises will have a demonstration effect, particularly the migration of the leading companies, will lead to supporting the overall migration of a large number of business migration between the two regions will facilitate the transfer of industries. Affect the migration of many factors, can be summarized into: push factors, pull factors and resistance factors, Anhui Province to migrate to the Yangtze River Delta business is no exception.

First, the Yangtze River in Anhui enterprise migration push factors to
(An industrial structure upgrade
According to Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai Statistical Yearbook 2009, calculated: Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai in 2008 the proportion of three industries were: 6.9 ︰ ︰ 55 ︰ 38.1,5.1 53.9 45.5 ︰ ︰ ︰ 41,0.8 53.7 can be seen Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai, three The proportion of primary industry areas are small, especially in Shanghai is only 0.8%, while the second, a larger proportion of tertiary industry, of which Shanghai high proportion of tertiary industry 53.7%, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai shows that after the basic access industrialization, faces enormous pressure to upgrade industrial structure, an urgent need to transfer out of poor skills, low value-added, labor-intensive and high energy consumption of resources and energy-intensive industries for the Development of high-tech industries and modern services "the cage for birds. "
(B) Production costs
With the factors of production companies and Yangtze River Delta region continued to gather in these areas of traditional industry environment, increasing resource constraints, land, labor, and environmental and other production costs continue to increase, has a "labor shortage", "our land" "power shortage", "drought" and "out" and so on.

1, the cost of land
According to China's urban land price monitoring network monitoring, second quarter of 2010, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Shanghai, Hefei and the country's overall price level are: 6194 yuan / square meter, 20,802 yuan / square meter, 11,086 yuan / square meter, 2338 yuan / square meter and 2756 yuan / square meter. shows that the Yangtze River Delta city's comprehensive land price levels many times higher than the city of Anhui Province, Hefei, even lower than the national average of 418 yuan / square meter, with housing prices continue Some enterprises in the high cost of land makes up the Yangtze River Delta region to gain a foothold, to some extent, also contributed to the migration of the Yangtze River Delta area businesses to Anhui.

2, labor costs
According to Shanghai and Anhui and Jiangsu, Zhejiang, China Statistical Yearbook, 2008, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai and Anhui average wage of workers are: 31667,34146,56565,26363, the national average of 29,229 yuan can be seen, the Yangtze River Delta region of the average wage of workers was significantly Anhui much higher, especially in Shanghai than 30,202 yuan, the average wage of workers in Anhui, the national average is lower than 2866 yuan, which can be drawn to Anhui Yangtze River Delta area businesses to migrate a large part of wage costs can be saved.

3, the environmental costs
Yangtze River Delta region of industrialization and urbanization process, bringing economic growth but also to the natural and ecological environment caused great damage to the environment in most parts of the current capacity of the Yangtze River Delta is relatively small, relatively stress energy saving large, the residents of the urban environment, appearance of the city demands a gradual increase in the Government response to the economic situation has made public a series of environmental policy requiring companies to increase the technology content, increase the sewage treatment efforts, potentially improving the production and management costs.

(C enterprise Development strategies
Companies succeed in the fierce market competition to survive and develop, we must become bigger and stronger, to improve their market competitiveness and product market share, the company's expansion. Business expansion, usually from two directions: First, field of view from the department, enterprise development and business activities generally will be initially concentrated in a particular product, and then through the horizontal integration and vertical integration, will eventually expand to multiple departments and business activities, a diversity. The second is from the geographical point of view, companies generally establish the initial concentration in one area and then expand to other regions, and finally into a multinational company abroad in the second expansion of the pathway, is bound to lead to business relocation, expansion of the industrial transfer form . Yangtze River Delta area businesses to set up branches in other regions and set up manufacturing and R & D base for business migration, many of which are to occupy the local markets (raw materials and consumer markets, and improving the visibility at the local, so enterprises to grow.

Second, enterprises in the east Anhui Province to migrate to the pull factors
(A location
Anhui is located in southeastern China, is located in the east, the Yangtze River Delta hinterland, is the country's eastern coastal waters of the inland provinces lapel River, across the Huaihe River, Yangtze River, Xin'anjiang three major river systems, east Jiangsu, Zhejiang, west Hubei, Henan , south Jiangxi Province, north of Shandong. Anhui and the Yangtze River Delta, mountains and rivers, geographical proximity and cultural similarity, with Shanghai as the center of 500 km of the economic cycle to cover Anhui most of the radiation, and Nanjing and Hangzhou, the radiation effect is more significant.

(B transportation
1, waterway traffic
Anhui sitting on the Yangtze River, Huaihe two "Golden Waterway", coupled with dense braided rivers, lakes, water edge blessed .2008, Anhui province's total mileage of 6507 km waterway, navigable mileage of 5596 kilometers of the Yangtze River, Huaihe River, Sha Ying River, together margin line, the canal was Wuhu-Shanghai high-level State Department included in the national inland waterway mileage of 1122 kilometers, accounting for one-fifth of the province .2008 navigable mileage of the end of Anhui invested 2.36 billion yuan to complete construction of water, a record high. Port throughput reached 270 million tons, ranking third in inland water transport, the six central provinces first.

2, land transport
The end of 2008, Anhui province mileage to 148,827 km of highway density of 106.8 km / 100 square kilometers, ranking seventh in the country. Within the vertical north-south national highway were: 104,205,206 and 105 national highway, national highway horizontal things respectively: 310,311,312,318 State Road, with the following provincial and county roads, and formed a national highway four vertical and four horizontal main highway network, road network structure ever-increasing traffic capacity significantly increased, and docking with the Yangtze River Delta region of the road construction and gradually strengthened.

2008 low, the total mileage of railways in Anhui province 2871 km, the proportion of 50.6% double-track mileage in the forefront of East China. Territory with Beijing-Guangzhou line, Beijing-Kowloon line, Beijing-Shanghai line, Ningxi line, Jinpu lines, railway lines, Anhui is China's first high-speed railway opened one of the provinces, the basic realization of one hour to Nanjing, Hefei, Wuhan, two hours, three hours to Shanghai, four hours to Beijing's "1234" program.

3, air transport
The end of 2008, Anhui province reached 97,638 km total mileage of Civil Aviation, of which 25,555 km international routes currently in the province have Hefei Airport and Huangshan Airport, Hefei Xinqiao Airport relocation project was officially included in the national "Eleventh Five-Year Plan", pre- the preparatory work has been moving gradually. opened the two airports are currently the major domestic routes, and actively expand international routes. Links to free download http://www.hi138.com (C-rich
1, .2008 at the end of rich natural resources, Anhui province area of ​​4,144,981 hectares of arable land per capita arable land area of ​​0.0615 hectares, total 69.929 billion cubic meters of water resources per capita possession of 11.398 million cubic meters of water resources, abundant land and water resources. In 2009 the province of 158 minerals have been discovered species (including sub-minerals. identified reserves of minerals a total of 118 species (including common building stone minerals, including five kinds of energy minerals, metallic minerals, 19 species of non-metallic 92 kinds of minerals, mineral water, two kinds of gas. developed large-scale mineral coal, iron, copper, cement, limestone, pyrite, has formed energy, construction, metallurgy, nonferrous metals, chemicals five basic industries, is a national East China's industrial base materials and energy supply base.

2, abundant labor resources. Anhui workers outside year round, close to 10 million, has a large number of skilled industrial workers, the labor cost is equivalent to the average labor costs in coastal areas of half to one-third, can effectively attract and accept from the Yangtze River Delta region the transfer of .2008 by the end of labor-intensive industries, Anhui has 93 general universities, graduate students 34,982 people, the province's technology sector 1533, completed 668 major scientific and technological achievements, Anhui not only has rich resources and cheap labor , human capital advantage can not be ignored, in the Yangtze River Delta to undertake industrial transfer in good stead.

(Four policy factors
Anhui Province has been an active strategy to implement the East, in 1988, the provincial government proposed a "far Guangdong, Fujian University, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, close to school," with reference to policy development along the Yangtze River Delta region in 1990, has made a timely manner "development Little, Pudong echo "initiative with open arms, accept the Yangtze River Delta economic radiation. In 2008, the General Secretary Hu Jintao pointed out that inspection of Anhui, Anhui should give full play to regional advantages, natural resources, labor resources, and actively participate in the development division of the Pan-Yangtze River Delta region, Anhui Province, east facing to the development strategy of regional economic development opportunity for the Pan-Yangtze River Delta . January 12, 2010, the State Council officially approved the <<Little City with the transfer of industries demonstration area planning>> This is the first in Anhui Province rose to national level of regional planning. Anhui Province, Anhui province with the platform will be , according to the actual situation on the Yangtze River Delta region to migrate to the tax and financial companies to give certain concessions, which will undoubtedly accelerate the migration of the Yangtze River Delta provides corporate policy support.

Third, the enterprises in the east Anhui Province to migrate to the resistance factor
(A) Staff factors
Business during the migration process must correctly handle the company's labor relations with employees, employees of corporate life, no staff sacrifice their lives for the enterprise, the enterprise will become a no workshop, can not create any value and many older employees do not want enterprises to migrate, as businesses migrate once they have to leave their familiar environment now, cities and families, but also to adapt to the environment of another, to understand the local culture and customs, but also prone to improper handling, "acclimatized" phenomenon. long Anhui companies migrate to the Triangle, if handled properly staff factors will affect their production enthusiasm and efficiency to the enterprise and its employees will have a certain degree of loss may eventually lead to migration failure.

(B sunk costs
Sunk costs (SunkCost is due to past decisions have already taken place, and not by any present or future decisions to change the cost of business in the migration of sunk costs is usually the machine, plant, equipment and other fixed assets, as well as business with business, government, industry associations and other relationships between social groups, which is the company's intangible assets if the company moved to another area, a lot of fixed assets can not be moved, only the cash, but often a lot of depreciation, Even if transportation to the resettlement, enterprises should also pay a huge logistics costs, the company's intangible assets will be completely buried.

(C Government factors
Migration will definitely give a lot of companies move to employment, tax and other revenue generated tremendous negative impact, if there is no time to add new industries to enter, may lead to local "industrial hollowing out", to move to economic development adverse consequences for the local government based on this employment stability, revenue and GDP growth, in a timely manner are not conducive to the introduction of Anhui transfer policies to guide enterprises to migrate elsewhere within the region. In Jiangsu, for example, there has been Jiangsu Northern region's economic development has lagged behind the phenomenon of southern Jiangsu, and northern Jiangsu Jiangsu provincial government has committed to accelerating rise in 2008, the Jiangsu provincial government issued a <<Northern further support the development of policy advice to speed up>> a similar policy The introduction will inevitably encourage enterprises in Jiangsu migration from the southern to northern Jiangsu, Anhui, rather than to migration.

References:
1, Wei Houkai Modern Regional Economics [M]. Economic Management Press, 2006.

2, Sun Jiuwen, Ye Yumin Regional Economics tutorial [M]. Renmin University of China Press, 2007.

3, Rongzhao Zi, Hu Yan. Pan-Yangtze River Delta Regional Economic Development Research [M]. Anhui University Press, 2010.

4, Li Hui, Liu Ying, Zhou Bin, the pan-industry differences in the Yangtze River Delta region and industry comparative analysis of the gradient coefficient [J]. JAC Forum, 2009 (6).

5, Linfei. Pan Yangtze River Delta Yangtze River Delta to undertake a new round of industrial transfer of thinking [J]. Development Research, 2009 (12).

6, Wei Houkai, Baimei of Chinese enterprises migration characteristics, determinants and trends [J]. Development Research, 2009 (10).

* This article by the Anhui Provincial Social Science topics <<the eastern industrial transfer path and Anhui to undertake countermeasures - based on the location choice of businesses in eastern and migration behavior analysis>> funded, project number: AHSK07-08D28.

Links to free download http://www.hi138.com