Based on child safety on the residential area of ​​public space design

[Abstract] In this paper meet the needs of child safety point of view, our residential area on the current problems of public space for discussion and analysis and, based on characteristics of children's activities, children's activities in selected residential areas most concentrated, highest rates of road space plants green, water, bedding, fitness equipment, sketches and other aspects of proposed designs for children's safety point of view.

[Keywords] residential child safety in public space

I. Background, status and significance
1 Background and current situation: security, human after eating, sleeping and other basic physiological needs of the second after the basic needs as the living environment of the three design principles, safety principles principles of convenience and comfort of the principles of ranked before was in the first place. With economic development, to further improve people's living standards, China's urban residents living has significantly improved living standards, people living in the need for security from the past a simple fire, theft becomes more diversified , integration. Compared with adults and children due to age restrictions, the action radius is small, fixed range of activities, residential area of ​​public space for children up to the highest, most active place while the child is not the concept of venue, Every child has the things around any object into the game talent, so any corner of the residential area are likely to become their game environment due to the time of China's housing market is not long, set in a residential area special children's play space is still at an initial stage, and there are too few, low utilization and other issues. children as residential public space one of the groups most frequently used, often with adult "shared" residential area of ​​public activity space. Although most of the public space to meet the needs of adult activities, but consider the children's activities, but very few, there are many security risks. Children as young age, lack of common sense and self-protection, compared with adults, the safety of public space have greater requirements. residential area of ​​children's playgrounds specifically the lack of space and scale of adult-oriented design, the existence of hidden dangers, etc., are a threat to the safety of children, according to Research show that urban children safety accident rate significantly higher than the township. the city for child safety precautions are obviously inadequate. modern city in the architectural design, there is no safety for their children's activities to be sufficient attention, leading to urban children's accidents frequently. According to the survey, by the environmental factors of child injury cases, occurred in a residential area of ​​child injury cases accounted for 40% or more.

2 Research significance: Based on the above situation, from a security point of view of children living in areas of public space design and Research, fully understand the children's activities and its effect on residential areas of the special nature of public space and safety requirements, to create a can meet the needs of adults, while taking into account the security concerns of children living in areas of public space, the architects can not be ignored is the subject of the present stage of the design of residential areas is of great practical significance.

Second, the residential definition of public space
If the residential house as a container for living room, then the community is the physical environment to accommodate outdoor living space for the carrier activity. This space both in the public housing residents, including those for daily activities and social life of public use of outdoor space and place, including structure, enclosure, define the space of architectural pieces, decorative pieces, recreational facilities, sketches, floor, etc., because the public space in residential areas, covering a wide range of types of pieces, the number of many kinds of activities, contact with people high close, their safety and people's quality of outdoor living space and security are closely related activities. children's curiosity weight, for a dangerous lack of knowledge, often in the sidewalk construction site, parking lot corner of the border fence stopped playing, the venue for the balance ability to mature, wariness of adults who complete only some of the usual urban environment and the corner, and for children, it is the potential damage.

Third, the correlation with the safety of children living in areas most closely the safety of the public space design
Japan's leading Research scientist cents field full of children to children's activity area environmental characteristics and activities based on children's play areas will be divided into the following categories: natural space, open space, street space, space adventures, hidden room, game room equipment, while residential area is a little more than a collection of several space. residential survey of children's play habits, children's activities are concentrated mainly in place, or most likely interesting places to stay and play, whether in single-family residential or apartment apartments around, the children tend more in the streets, parking lots and residential entrance to play, and less patronizing those in single-family homes and multi-storey residential backyard sunny side of the specially designed playground for children, where neither the traffic, do not see people. Thus, the children through their own preferences and choose the appropriate conditions of space games and activities, rather than a designer's intent specifically set up for them in the game play area According to the needs of this select residential area closest to the habits of children's activities, activity is most concentrated, highest rates of road space, green plants, water, fitness equipment and various types of sketches, specific space for several categories of its activities for children safety aspects of this and Analysis.

1 road space: the road is a residential area in the flow space, the spatial concentration of traffic, but also activities in a more concentrated space where children often play near his home is near the street. China is basically a residential road vehicles coexist model, while children play often self-centered, like running and jumping chase, the vehicle for the shuttle from insufficient attention, lack of response to the external environment of stress, prone to risk. residential area road vehicle designed to take as much as possible way street and sidewalk were set up, or take the method of planting green belts separated residential area of ​​the roadway should be designed to uphold the "do not wear smooth, passable" design principle - "cis" and "pass" in order to ensure smooth driving and accessibility, "not to wear" and "poor" is to control the number of vehicles, slow speed, to ensure the safety of pedestrians and children, while on the road shape design on the amount of bending, the use of S-shaped path, multi-set deceleration section, in order to control the speed and set along the roadway next to the walking trails. motor vehicle lanes to consider green "road intersection safety line of sight", if qualified, the establishment of pedestrian and vehicular traffic as the road system, road surface should be smooth non-slip, convenient stroller and children's bicycles, scooters pass in order to ensure child safety.

2 Plants Green: residential outdoor environments, plants in the children's outdoor play space is an irreplaceable resource potential of plant vitality, trees, flowers and grass can bring children's vision, smell and tactile stimulation, is strongly attract the child's natural factors. green plants is a tool, but also a space defining an indispensable factor of children because vision is limited, like climbing, climb afar, can be configured in a residential area some highly desirable, low bifurcation species, for children to climb, hang, play, and dwarf shrubs are available for children to play "hide and seek" a good place, soft, warm grass, it is appropriate for children to play the natural game playing field in residential area plant configuration, should choose to pay attention to no thorns, no irritation, no smell, are unlikely to cause allergic reactions, pest-free, easy to lodging of plants, in addition, set the lawn sprinkler equipment, careful not to use spray shower head pointed , and should be used with bright contrasting colors to distinguish the grass, so as not to fall while playing on the lawn of children injured.

3 door, entrance
Doors and entrances and exits of the entire residential area contact the outside world and the internal link, is that people will go through the traffic channel, but also the places where the traffic flow intersection. Doors and entrances and traffic flow due to take full account of the separation out of order, separation of people and vehicles, and to ensure that the peak in passenger traffic will have adequate capacity, not crowded clutter. Can set access control, vehicle access should be credit card holder, a foreign vehicles and personnel to limit access to residential areas and, secondly, to remind the driver to play the role, drivers will realize that they have entered the living space, reduce the speed, especially in adults to work, to school children, the peak period, and credit card access control system can reduce the speed to play man-to improve the children in the door, the entrance road safety.

4 fences, railings
Fences and railings can play a designated area, the role of enclosed places, people and motor traffic and the danger to leave the segment, and to ensure pedestrian safety, fall prevention, fall. In safety, site boundary fence at least 1.2 m high and is not allowed to climb. [8] may be dangerous in a residential boundary fencing to prevent children into dangerous areas, fences and railings must also pay attention to the width and height, to avoid children climbing through, to prevent stuck child's head, body, limbs, etc. Links to free download http://www.hi138.com 5. architectural sketches
(1 sculpture
The danger of climbing to the sculpture (2 water
Human beings have the hydrophilic nature, water for children but also has great appeal. Residential area in the common body of water set up a fish pond, wading pool, involving pools, a small fountain, or water landscape.'s Wading pool, involving tanks and other participatory water , should be set to meet the child's physical scale and the continuous demands of stepping across the platform and stepping stone, the depth of the water not too deep, usually between 15-30cm, and the bottom edge of the water body should be non-slip handle. fishpond, fountain, or the landscape of water and other water bodies, have appropriate railings barrier, to protect children across the falls, to install water filtration units, replace or maintain water, ensuring clean water sources.

6 recreation facilities Pieces
(1 seat, chairs
Seats, chairs set should provide residents with rest, enjoy the scenery and the convenience of communication to keep the distance with the roadway and they should be set in the pavement on the ground, and the road up. Must ensure that the table has a fixed side chair, table top should not be above the ground 90cm, lower than the ground should be at least 60cm. to use more wood, plastic and other soft materials, buffering children play in the process of collision, while sufficiently take into account the physical scale, to avoid the drop wrestling injury.

(2 Fitness Equipment
As children living in areas of venues and games specifically the lack of equipment, single, children are often not only to set up for children to play adult fitness equipment area. Residential area in the adult fitness equipment designed for the adult size, in line with adult people's safety standards, but not suitable for children. adult fitness equipment relative to children, scale is too large, too high and the surface and more angular, less for self-protection awareness of children there is a serious security risk. the use of too long caused by equipment or pieces of broken, sharp corners, loss, etc. These will bring the children to use, such as crush, puncture, crushing, etc. children's play equipment area should be isolated and adult fitness equipment area, and the establishment of eye-catching warning label , marked on the equipment to use with minimum user age.

7 floor
Floor covering not only affect the overall landscape effect residential areas, but also an important factor affecting children's safety. Children's lively nature, like running and jumping, as floor coverings causes harm to children, 77% of fractures occur in the proportion of children in the regular activities of residential sidewalks, playgrounds, squares and open spaces, so the road pavement should be designed to secure core in the children's activities concentrated area, floor coverings should give full consideration to safety performance, choose the small hardness, flexibility, skid resistance, smooth surface of the material, such as flexible rubber, grass, wood, etc., in order to avoid children playing fall injuries. soft ground and hard ground combination of paving should be noted that smooth, not too broad and too deep gap, suitable for children running play.

8 Swimming Pool
There are many new communities have set a swimming pool, outdoor and indoor divided into two forms, whether it is outdoor or indoor, in the operation period should be equipped with professional lifeguards and prominently in the establishment of safety warning signs, and indicate water depth, forced isolation and deep pool wading pool, to avoid straying into the deep pool of children in non-open hours, all entrances should be locked by the person responsible to ensure that children can not be allowed to enter the open-air swimming pool fence should be set to prevent children climbing climb, the most near the center of a good property management, import and export and other staff frequently out of the lot. poolside green plants can not be too dense, impeding sight of the swimming pool's shape should be designed as conventional, first consider their safety, should not create blind spots, lifeguards delay rescue and if the conditions, the best adult and children swimming pool set separately.

IV Conclusion
Residential outdoor activity space for children up to the highest type of space, and this environment, children's activities, but the frequent lack of suitable children's play equipment and playgrounds. As a designer of residential security is to be understood from the past "too late" into a "rainy day", the "safe design" to "design safety." This article lists the only public space in the residential area safety impact on children more closely part of, and attention to children's requests, and consider the details of the design to meet the children a safe residential area of ​​public space, we should continue to focus and direction.


References:
[1] Maslow and others, 1986. Human potential and value. Huaxia Publishing House: 30
[2] Zhang Ye, 3-10-year-old children's residential activity environment and facilities needs, Tongji University, 2007:51
[3] Yao Xin Yang Ling Wang Longhai: urban children space Research - to Tianjin Children's space, for example, central building, 2007 (six eighty-five.

[4] Yang Xiong; Jianjun: child safety on the status of a number of Chinese thinking, Contemporary Youth Research, 2005:4.

[5] She by cool: Urban children's outdoor environmental accident, Peking University ,2008:18,29-36.

[6] [Denmark] Yang • Gail with, communication and space, China Building Industry Press, 1992:18
[7] Yang Ziqian: urban residential area of ​​children's outdoor play space, Wuhan University of Technology, 2009:44,50
[8] Yin Xiaobo: residential place of children's activities, Dalian University of Technology ,2002:68-70
Children and parents to be ignored. On the residential area to avoid the abstract form of sculpture, unexpected. For a decorative effect of tall sculpture, through the establishment of methods of prohibiting children from climbing the fence. May establish the child's physical dimensions are suitable for children to climb the sculptures play, such sculptures should be the use of wood, plastic, stone, clay and other material of moderate hardness, smooth surface, no sharp edges and corners, to avoid children falling in the process of climbing, virtually scratch. Links to free download http://www.hi138.com