Enhance the administrative execution of countermeasures _ Paper Network

Paper Net: Abstract: "execution" as people often use the concept of today, is increasingly to economic, political, social, and cultural realm, and is constantly given new meaning Government execution in promoting reform and Development is especially important . Currently, some local governments, administrative and executive power there is a certain weakening of the phenomenon, this weakening not only reduce the government's administrative efficiency and credibility, undermines the government's image, but also directly affect the smooth flow of the central government decrees, therefore, strengthen the administrative and executive power stiffness, strength, height, validity, etc. 'four-building "is very urgent.

Keywords: Government; administrative and executive power; four degrees construction; credibility

First, the administrative execution of the origin and meaning
"Execution" of the meaning of the concept first originated in the field of business "executive" interpretation of the concept. 拉里博西迪 and Ram Charan in <<implementation - how to complete the task of learning>> a book that "from the most basic sense, the implementation is exposed to reality and take action based on the realities systematic way "; [1] U.S. General Electric Company (GE) former chairman and CEO of Welch that" implementation is the so-called pragmatic operational details, "while the former IBM chairman Louis Gerstner that" implementation is to strategy into action plans and measure their results. "where" executive "refers primarily to the company's daily operations and affairs of the implementation of the strategic plan. on what" execution ", and the American scholar Paul Thomas David Byrne in his <<execution>> a book that "execution is a set of behaviors and Technology system, which enables companies to form a unique competitive advantage." [2] execution to the company's personnel , strategy, operations and other three core processes organically combined, enabling the company to work together to unite as one to complete the task. Zhouyong Liang of China's scholars is that "in the form of decision-making to develop a specific plan, specific actions to achieve goals is executed, and the ability to ensure the implementation of the means to complete execution constitutes a "," execution is the leading business to implement timely and effective decision-making problem-solving abilities. "[3] scholars Weizhong Long believes that" business execution, is an enterprise's various management levels and in all business units, all staff positions to implement the operator to develop a strategic decision, policies, systems and measures, program planning and implementation of strategic goals of business ability. "[4]
"Execution" is the first to be used in the field of administrative Law, is considered to refer to the specific administrative acts of force or enforceable legal effect in recent years, "executive power" concept is used in the field of Business Administration, refers specifically to "corporate decision-making and leadership to implement timely and effective problem-solving abilities." [5] as a sense of administrative management of government execution, one refers to government organizations to implement the policy decisions of the executive power, and the second is governmental organizations to carry out daily routine affairs of the execution and some scholars have pointed out that the government which means the execution of governmental organizations that exist within the government through an accurate understanding of the objectives and direction, well-designed programs and through a variety of organizational resources of the government including human, financial, Information, Laws, centralized system of effective use of scheduling and control to effectively execute the implementation of public policy, government decisions, decrees, strategies, plans and complete the stated objectives of the government within the government's ability and strength.

Second, the current administrative problems in execution
Administrative execution, as an integrated whole strength and force, subject to many factors. Execution of the government Administration to determine the strength of the main through the implementation of stiffness, enforcement, implementation and enforcement of a high degree of validity to examine several aspects. At present, the stiffness of the government there is not enough execution, not the intensity, height is not significant, effect good degree of the four issues.

1 Executive stiffness is not enough Executive stiffness is the Government's implementation of the main tasks of the implementation of the determination of the extent and long-term, sustainable if the government organization leaders and staff in the implementation of the policy is the attitude shown by the complete resolutely implemented, implementation of the letter, while the Government's implementation throughout the main body to promote a serious and responsible attitude to the implementation, even if any difficulty encountered in the implementation and resistance will never give up, it can be expressed as a higher execution stiffness, its execution is also relatively high. Conversely, if the degree of implementation of the main execution determination is not high enough, indecision, procrastination, do not complete, or run out of steam, difficulties and obstacles will no longer be executed halfway, then the performance implementation for the lower stiffness.

(A lack of systematic policy implementation, integrity in public policy implementation in a systematic enough, often manifested in policy implementation does not focus on policy feedback, coordination and control, regardless of right or wrong, the policy implementation in the end. Public policy implementation is a policy-making departments and policy implementation and coordination between the object integration process of implementation of a policy or policy solution to the problem may be related to policy issues with cross each other, while other policies will be as involved in the implementation of the same problem and to participate in this area if we a policy seen as an isolated part of the implementation of policies will inevitably lead to an overall lack of a long time, the local government division of the executive branch's administrative functions to form a departmentalized tradition, forming a idea of ​​self-contained set of policy implementation in the implementation of the policy of great one-sided, can not be comprehensive, coordinated implementation of the policy, they should support, concern, interest groups, lack of awareness and action of active service the lack of a market economic system needs to adapt the evaluation system, still in the view report, written materials, working methods, so that the whole implementation of the policy ineffective.

(2 lack of continuity in policy implementation and long-term. The implementation of policies can not be completed in the short term, must be composed by a series of phased activities, before and after policy implementation activities must be continuous, must pay attention to implementation stages of convergence and unity in the this process, the implementation should be persistent, continuous, uninterrupted implementation of any policy will only delay the time to achieve the objective, to reduce the ultimate effectiveness of the policy. and, as execution time goes by, the progress of implementation activities and environmental conditions changes in enforcement activities and must be based on the experience of new situations and new problems continue to adjust the implementation strategies and tools, however, some local government departments in the implementation of policies, often only a short-term effect, ignore the long-term effects. mainly : in policy advocacy, in order to get people's support and understanding of policy, but policies favorable publicity, and even exaggerate the benefit of the policy, the policy may have avoided the adverse effects, affecting the policy of sustainable Development, hindered the effective implementation of policy, policy implementation, and realize their only choice for the help of the recent policy performance, for those long-term policy, "thankless" chore, then do not want to do, thereby hampering the local economy long-term Development, the policy adjustment, the policy only for the short-term adverse effects will be adjusted, without considering the long-term policy impact the implementation of policies to ensure the continuity has not been a serious obstacle to the policy function of the play, it is difficult to guarantee execution of a stable and efficient.

(3 lack of policy implementation, evaluation, feedback and correction mechanism the government executive power of government performance management system in a macro-core part of the government performance management key to success, but quantitative evaluation of execution because the government is difficult to select indicators, the implementation process tracking difficulties, the Executive feedback mechanism is not perfect, practical implementation of performance evaluation has not yet been formed, it can not work very well in practical use. supervision, feedback, lack of correction mechanism, is the process of policy implementation of the outstanding problem. the process of policy implementation is the process of testing policy is correct or not, is to constantly discover new situations and new problems, and thus constantly revised and improved policy-making process due to the lack of government policy implementation process feedback mechanism, correction mechanism, often there will be implementation of the deviation, wait and interrupt the implementation of the phenomenon of passive resistance or even the Government is not enough transparency in the implementation, the Government's implementation of public participation in oversight of the main deficiencies, lack of social supervision of the main, can not really play a social monitoring function, while the organs of state power, government departments supervision are mostly ex post facto punitive supervision, monitoring and implementation process can not be carried out simultaneously, not timely correct execution blunders.

(2) enforcement is not. Constitute the various elements of government execution and mechanisms with varying degrees of maturity, the Government's implementation efforts have size enforcement of the size of one's subjective understanding and implementation and enforcement of the main attitude of, if implementation of the main fully aware of the importance of the task, serious and responsible, go all out, its implementation efforts typically reach the limit of their ability to execute, otherwise the performance may be lower for the enforcement, there can be no efficient execution. Second and implementation capacity of the main body of the Executive's ability is the main implementation of the main resources of their own qualities and resources, implementation capacity and strong implementation of the main, completed its mission to promote the power of large, generally will be higher execution , and vice versa is relatively low. Third, the strategy and execution, and means for if the implementation of the main means of implementation, appropriate strategy, implementation should focus on key points, its enforcement will be relatively large, to promote the objectives of government policy or implementation will be more powerful, can be expressed as the efficient execution, but due to the implementation in a timely manner, strategies properly, or the task to promote the implementation of the policy is not implemented or fail to promote its implementation, the performance of inefficient execution.

(1 implementation of the main quality is not high, lack of sense of responsibility. Policy implementation activities of the main important factor is the implementation and execution of an important source, plays a central role in policy implementation of the main values, interests, orientation, cognitive level, the implementation state of mind and ability level, is often decided to implement other elements of power such as the implementation of resources, mechanisms for implementation and efficient operation of the dominant factors can directly affect the implementation of the results. policy makers lack the necessary knowledge and skills of a policy not thoroughly understood, the spirit of the policy real grasp of the place, will result in policy communication, advocacy, implementation of the distortion, misconduct, mistakes sometimes, policy makers and even deliberately set up obstacles to the implementation of policies resulting bias, artificially lead to policy failure. implementation of the main low quality, such as the implementation of the perceptive, operating force, strain is weak and will lead to the implementation of high quality, effectiveness and falls far short of expectations. Some officials of the Government's implementation of the relevant transaction or hesitation or procrastination, long delay does not perform , some simply for the superior layout blind policy implementation tasks, see the responsibility to push hard to see around, evading responsibility, refused to implement higher-level policies, which affect the execution of the biggest culprits.

(2) to perform a simple mechanical way, the lack of flexibility to create and some local governments or authorities, accustomed to the old planned economy era, condoms, the old way, the implementation of policies understood as copy, copy, according to the transfer, such as some government departments are accustomed to open meeting, issued a document or a general call for a simple way to implement policies to implement the spirit of the meeting the meeting to implement the spirit of the document file, implement the spirit of the speech to speech, layout and more, the implementation of small, never grab carry out, implement, do not grab inspection, grasping supervision, this is a typical type of deal execution, on the one hand makes the higher-level policy can not be effectively implemented, resulting in mountain of the sea on the other hand, waste a lot of manpower and resources, reducing the efficiency, resulting in a lack of effective policy implementation, but also in some places government or department is the virtue of state power, with the means to enforce administrative orders, the machinery to implement policy doctrine, neither with the economic and legal means, not thinking to guide the method used, from concrete reality, they talk about principles, do not speak a flexible, simply on the situation, regardless of the truth, to perform the execution and what is more, some grass-roots government departments to take brutal barbaric method of execution, resulting in the implementation of bias and distortion, impact and damage the image of the government.

(3 execution of a lack of effective coordination between departments in implementing the policy mandate, the implementation of the main communication and coordination between the organization's mission and effective coordination is an important way to completion, but the real task for policy implementation, a number of government departments Share on free download http://www.hi138.com lack of systematic coordination between the door, and do not match, or even defeating each other, leading to the overall effect of policy implementation is not satisfactory even in different departments that need to perform tasks, will be the status of implementation of each of the departments, and some even appear deliberately set up obstacles hindering the implementation of things. In this case, enforcement of the question.

3 to perform highly obvious. When any government in the implementation of the task will have a formal or informal pre-performance standards. Governmental organizations in carrying out these tasks, in accordance with high standards implementation, lower standards or in accordance with the implementation of its implementation whether the practical effect of the implementation of standards, are an important measures of government execution basis. Generally speaking, a government organization in the implementation of the government tasks in accordance with the high performance standards to implement, and its results or the actual completion of the implementation of implementation of the results will usually be higher or better than the original standard, which reached a high executive level, the other hand, if a government organization in accordance with standards lower than the original, then the results of its implementation and the actual situation generally will be lower than the original standard, the performance of lower performing high. execution of a major weakening of the performance is the implementation of high enough and some grass-roots government organizations in the implementation of higher-level policy process, not strictly follow the higher levels, in the process of policy implementation often due to various factors, leading to the specific implementation is expected to appear with mixed results, and this is the implementation of the deviation.

(1 half-hearted policy - a policy, under the measures. Perfunctory policy is public policy makers in the implementation of the policy process only superficial, not to take operational measures to implement the specific policy, double face, half-hearted Serbian responsibility, so serious in all kinds of superfluous under the decree to become a dead letter. "on the policy measures to counter" the policy perfunctory common form, is prevalent at all levels and departments of local government in a bad phenomenon , mainly as follows: "back door", the higher the number of alternative policy implementation. the implementation process, the surface is consistent with the higher-level policy, but this is actually contrary to the spirit and higher, "Tim workers feeding", subject to conditions implementation of policy. policy makers for their own interests tend to be attached to the original policy is not something that is "local policies" so that these policies had become irrational and rational policy, a policy contrary to the original target, a symbol of nature, "going through the motions" type of policy implementation.

(2 policy to use - twisted perform or selective implementation. Some grass-roots organizations in the implementation of government decisions, "while avoiding disadvantages," according to their own interests to choose the content of the decision-making, to their advantage on the part of the implementation, adverse deliberately distorted or discarded, to allow effective decision-making is difficult to achieve the target, so that public policy has become some of the interests of local governments to meet their own resources. This "local protectionism", in the current performance of some localities and departments have been very prominent , much worse and some local grass-roots government often "with live, full use of higher-level policy," the name, according to the region, the interests of the department to understand the higher-level policy and the authorization to pursue the use of the higher centers of power is inconsistent with the goal, so that deviate from the initial policy choice, not playing some of the apparent conflict with the central policy, and it helps local interests "outside."
(3 policy implementation - the implementation does not perform or negative and some government bureaucracy, formalism, style of serious, low sense of responsibility, not strictly perform their duties to the higher level policy directives, decrees and other fundamental strategic principles and not conscientiously implemented. or as a result of the policy mechanism is not perfect, reward and punishment is unknown, government departments to implement policies are not enthusiastic, passive coping, often make policies, regulations, planning formality, resulting in poor implementation of the results. In addition, because overlap between the functions of government departments, unclear, resulting in the absence of functions, each passing the buck and buck-passing, leading to the implementation of the blank, and not as part of an administrative act.

4 Executive poor validity Executive validity refers to the first main body of the Government to implement an effective degree of implementation activities. Governmental organizations, the effectiveness of implementation, with the implementation of the government's direction is correct and the methods of implementation are closely related to scientific and rational In general, if the Government's implementation of the main direction in accordance with the original implementation, to take a scientific and rational methods and means of implementation, to seize the focus of the work difficult, and rational use of resources for implementation, and can effectively achieve the original performance goals, the high validity for the execution, performance and efficient execution, on the contrary, if the government deviated from the original implementation of the execution direction, can not effectively achieve the original performance goals, or fail to seize the important and difficult work, the Government's implementation of the main becomes invalid for the implementation of labor, compared with lower performing validity, showing inefficient execution.

Zhixing validity also refers to the Government's implementation of the tasks received social benefits. Generally speaking, if you spend less governmental organizations or social costs of enforcement costs, access to better social benefits, for the execution of high validity, high performance execution. Conversely, if the government takes a larger organization implementation costs, or waste a lot of manpower, material and financial resources and large social costs, it can not receive better social benefits, the validity for the lower performing, lower performance for the execution and some grassroots governments in policy implementation process, excluding the cost of implementation, serious waste of resources for implementation, resulting in excessive government enforcement costs, implementation inefficient.

Third, to enhance government Administration execution Suggestions
1. The creation of appropriate legal and cultural environment. Conducive to the establishment of a good implementation of government decisions, including natural, political, economic, social, cultural, and legal environment, including the Government's implementation of the environment, is an ambitious and difficult social engineering , the majority of people in government and society needs long-term unremitting efforts of reform and opening up 20 years later, China's economic, political and social environment has been continued significant improvement, which for us to improve the execution of the government's objective to create good conditions for . At present, the urgent need to strengthen the legal environment and cultural environment on the one hand, we must create a favorable legal environment, which is to protect the social order and stability, the Government's implementation activities to reduce the external interference is an important prerequisite. to step up legislation to establish improve the legal basis of the legal system, strengthen Law enforcement and community legal education to the people, and gradually formed in the general public in compliance with Law and Law-abiding a broad consensus, and enhance supervision over the implementation of government awareness and legal awareness on the other hand, to foster good implementation of the culture environment. a good cultural environment for the promotion of government execution of the improvement is obvious, a meticulous attention to efficiency and emphasize the implementation of the spirit of the community more conducive to enhance the Government's execution. In contrast, a culture within the organization environment may be higher than outside the organization's social and cultural environment more directly affect the organization's executive atmosphere, with good organizational culture in a government organization, the "implementation" of the atmosphere, actors will go all out to perform various tasks , pay attention to the speed of implementation, quality and discipline, and focus on implementation of the benefit, in this execution environment, the policy decisions will be easier to get a thorough implementation, execution is relatively high to improve the government staff's minds, especially government The leaders must set an example, advocated the concept of positive execution. and to establish a concrete and practical code of conduct and codes of conduct to guide and regulate the right of execution behavior within the organization, and execution continue to strengthen these concepts, standards and specifications to the final enforcement personnel within the conscious into the implementation of traditional habits and organization's executive pay attention to establish a model for promoting advanced ideas, to create a positive culture of execution.

Government to enhance the execution is a complicated systematic project, we must focus on China's current local government issues exist execution characteristics and the actual situation, in accordance with execution of the growth mechanism of the government in improving the Government's implementation of the quality of personnel, training, and the Government to implement the elements optimize the mechanism of integration and remodeling of the government and the creation of good environment and many other great work, Paul Thomas and David Byrne found: that the implementation of strong internal organization have established a culture of execution, and that " Only those who established the execution of organizational culture and long-term Development is possible, Built to Last. "departments within our government for the current general lack of execution culture, to enhance the government's execution, the first task is to change their ideas, raise awareness, efforts to foster a culture of execution, namely, to government departments to advocate the concept of executive power, to improve the execution aspects of popular theories and knowledge; should strive to develop the professionalism of the civil service, truth-seeking and pragmatic spirit, attention to detail, true to its word fruit must be trekking spirit; make execution under the civil service appointment, evaluation, promotion and reward and punishment in; make execution decisions with government departments, performance evaluation together; necessary administrative and cultural construction and execution combined with the building; to guard against formalism, bureaucracy, red tape by fostering execution culture, so that each civil servant can understand the true meaning of executive power, and consciously improve their ability to execute. [6] Links to free download http://www.hi138.com (2) Reinventing Government organization. To enhance the Government's execution, but also through reform, Reinventing Government's organizational structure. Reasonable government organization, the overall effect can produce the maximum, the formation of a higher overall execution of the government; On the contrary, the organizational structure is irrational, then there may be a higher execution friction, damage-governmental organizations, the overall implementation effect, undermined the government's overall execution. Congress report clearly pointed out, to "deepen administrative reform, further transformation of government functions, improve management, the formation of a code of conduct, well-coordinated, fair, transparent, clean and efficient administrative system. in accordance with streamlined, uniformity and efficiency principles and decision-making, execution and supervision, coordination requirements, continue to promote reform of government institutions. "This is not only reshape our government structure to promote innovation in the system of government made a clear request, but also pointed out the direction from the current reality, both from the organizational structure of local government to promote the remodeling. One is to reduce the vertical layers of government to achieve the flat-governmental organizations. At present, China's central and local government level and more, making the government to extend the command line, not only greatly reduces the speed of Information transmission, increasing the government's implementation costs, while is not conducive to higher levels of government to implement policies of lower levels of government to monitor the activities, led to the decline in execution must be in place to consider the interests of political stability and balance, based on the bold advance to reduce levels of government reforms, in particular, need to reduce the provincial governments and grass-roots management level. Many scholars propose a gradual reduction to the municipal level or even revocation of establishment, while weakening the role of township-level government, which is a worthy consideration. In addition, we strongly reduce the levels of government within the same organizational level, to reduce Government's implementation of the intermediate links, to simplify government procedures, giving the grass-roots actors with more autonomy, the formation-level concise, clear responsibilities of the flat structure of government. The second is to rationalize and clarify the party and government organizations the same level of horizontal institutions. to overcome the current levels of the organization is unclear, too many political issues, to clarify and correct classification of the functions of the authority of various government departments to further optimize and standardize the configuration of the functions of government departments, according to the integrated functions to set the government agencies, as the same or similar functions under one Administration take to reduce the cross-departmental functions overlap
3. Strengthen supervision mechanisms Executive is to monitor the implementation process by the government to monitor, detect and correct these adverse circumstances in the implementation process to ensure the Government to implement an effective and successful completion of the task. To strengthen supervision mechanisms, I believe that , must do the following three areas:
One is to strengthen the authority of oversight bodies. Currently, the lack of independent and have sufficient authority to supervise the implementation of government oversight agencies are ineffective and cause the Government to implement an important reason for deviation. To supervise the effective implementation of the first monitoring system to promote innovation in government effectively improve the discipline, administrative supervision departments of independence and authority. may consider the local discipline inspection departments, administrative supervision department under the jurisdiction of the higher authorities directly managed by the higher supervision department is responsible for its staffing, wages and benefits, expenditures, to reduce its the dependence of the local party and government leaders to increase their independence and authority to enable them to better carry out enforcement activities of local government oversight responsibilities, to prevent a "virtual prison", "monitored leakage" phenomenon. To improve the supervision and discipline inspection departments at all levels, means of strengthening the monitoring force, the establishment of comprehensive, multi-level monitoring network to ensure the effective implementation of activities of government oversight.

The second is to strengthen the public and news media monitoring the activities of the Government's implementation must be to implement the open system of the United States early in 1966 and 1979, respectively, developed a <<Freedom of Information Act>> and <<Government in the Sunshine Law>> and other laws, the law requires the government in the form of government activities to the public, and government agencies in order to monitor the behavior. We also need to develop a similar open government, the legal system for the Government to regularly release to the public from time to time relating to government Information, the Government's implementation of activities under the public interest and under the supervision of full citizens, social groups, mass media and other social forces on the Government to implement the activities of the supervisory role, the implementation process in a timely manner to rectify the deviation. We should fully respect freedom of the press, and ensure the freedom of Information and seamless flow of play to the supervisory role of the media, etc. to improve the reporting system, encourage and effective protection of the public to report acts.

The third is to establish and improve the implementation of accountability, increase the punishment. According to the procedures implemented by the Government to develop the main clear, level, clear, specific quantitative implementation of personal responsibility, clearly defined responsibilities of various government units to perform tasks, responsible departments, persons responsible for the implementation failures of the responsibility to increase the punishment , perform the tasks of government the problems arising in the course, found no matter what people must resolutely deal with, not to engage in just this once. directly related to people's lives on the property and interests of major accidents, the loss of state assets or major the loss of those responsible must be severely prosecuted and severely punished.

4 innovation incentives. To improve the execution must be correct view of achievements and employment-oriented as the focal point, the incentives for improving the execution of intrinsic motivation. From help to improve the efficiency, help reduce implementation costs, ease of social and supervision by the masses of the requirements, for different departments, different positions of the features and practical and scientific tasks and responsibilities to set goals, improve the assessment procedures, standards, methods to strengthen the implementation of process control, and gradually establish a scientific execution performance management system, the formation of the right of employment and achievements. to adopt scientific methods of party and government officials of the execution, implementation and overall quality of the results of a comprehensive monitoring, assessment, analysis and evaluation to improve the cadres of the initiative, creativity. to establish a performance and enjoy the benefits linked to the assessment mechanism, so that cadres of pay, training, reward and punishment, promotion and completion of unified objectives, to ensure efficiency and equity in cadre management, truly dry and do not quit the same, more or less different, Ganhaoganhuai not the same, to improve supervision, and increasing the effectiveness of supervision, evaluation mechanisms to establish the masses, so that the people involved to discuss, express their wishes to perform based on the basis of public opinion above.

References:
[1] 拉里博西迪, Ram Charan Executive - how to complete the task of learning [M]. Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press, 2003:19.

[2] Paul Thomas, David Byrne. Execution [M]. Beijing: China Chang'an Publishing House, 2003:27.

[3] Zhou Yongliang. Native execution model [M]. Beijing: China Development Press, 2004:128.

[4] Weizhong Long How to cultivate and enhance their execution [J]. Beijing Technology and Business University, 2003, (6).

[5] Mo Yong Bo Government execution: the current public Administration research a new topic [J]. Sun Yat-sen University, 2005, (1).

[6] Liu Zhiyong, Peng Huang. Execution of our local government departments to enhance the study [J]. Chinese administration, 2007, (12).

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