Kazakh Tianshan Heavenly Lake community participation approach analysis of cultural tourism development

Abstract: In the Development of Tourism in community residents is the negative impact of Tourism a major commitment, community residents bear the Tourism Development of the environmental, social, cultural and other costs, but has not given due interest, so the travel also committed to developing the full benefit of local residents to consider. Therefore, the application of literature review, field investigation and questionnaire survey, Tianshan Heavenly Lake Scenic Spot is the case, the impact of Tourism on resident attitude studies, and finally for the current Tianchi community residents to participate in cultural Tourism Development in the face, such as people's cultural low quality, lack of tourism education and training issues such conclusions.

Keywords: Tianshan Heavenly Lake; Kazak, cultural tourism, community participation

In 1985, Murphy (PEM urphy the first time introduced to the concept of community participation in tourism research, try and grasp the perspective of community tourism .1997 in the World Tourism Organization, the World Tourism Council and Earth Council promulgated << Agenda 21 on tourism - and the environment to adapt to achieve sustainable Development>> explicitly sets forth the community participation is an important part of sustainable Development of tourism and links to further community participation in tourism development to establish the significance and impact of the theory [ 1].

A basic overview of Tianshan Heavenly Lake community residents
1. The natural environment. Tianshan Heavenly Lake Nature Reserve is located in Fukang City, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture within the community for the three main industrial Township residents, so the scope of this research community and the region, including Heavenly Lake Scenic Spot Sangonghe Kazakh town of administrative regions. Third Industry Township is located in east longitude 88 ° 03 '~ 88 ° 08', latitude 44 ° 46 '~ 45 ° 30' range. sub-desert areas in southern and northern mountains, Heavenly Lake Scenic Spot is located in the township south of the mountains.

2. Social and economic environment. Sangong Township is a Kazakh as the main body, the Han, Hui, Uygur, Dongxiang 5-ethnic multi-ethnic townships, of which 72% of the total population of Kazakhs. Township administrative area of ​​1320 square km of arable land area of ​​5700 acres, has a population of 4018, according to 2006 survey data show that the three workers engaged in livestock production Township 725 people engaged in agricultural production have 397 people engaged in tourism business 345 [2].

Table 1 Sangonghe Kazakh town's economy in recent years, Revenue Statistics
Second, the survey and the time and method
May-June 2010, I belong in the Heavenly Lake Scenic Spot Administrative Region of Fukang City, conduct research, primarily through the Fukang City Tourism Bureau, Tianshan Heavenly Lake Management Committee, the township government Sangonghe Kazakh tourism-related sectors such as the collection of written material. During July to October 2010, in order to better research community residents in cultural tourism impact attitude, I have entered several times within the local community and the Heavenly Lake scenic spot checks carried out using a questionnaire designed and issued in the form of survey is mainly local residents. 300 questionnaires were distributed, 292 questionnaires, of which 282 valid questionnaires were returned to 94% questionnaire is divided into two parts, first part is to investigate the basic situation of community residents. The second part is impact of tourism on community residents attitude surveys, this survey used a five-point Likert scale to analyze. scale design includes two steps: The first step is the "assignment", according to the set of rules, different attitudes characteristics given different values ​​in the analysis, 5 strongly agree, 4 agree, 3 said they did not know, 2 did not agree, 1 means strongly disagree. The second step is "positioning", these arranged or composed a sequence of numbers, according to respondents of different attitudes, their positioning on this sequence, then the quantitative determination of the attitude of residents to cultural tourism. Likert five-point scale, 1 to 5 scoring average between 1 to 2.4 opposed, neutral between 2.5 and 3.4, between 3.5 to 5 in favor.

Third, the survey results
1. The basic situation of community residents through statistical questionnaires, subjects of the investigation, the men and women from each of 49.6% and 50.4%, close to the 1:1 ratio. Concentrated in the age between 25 to 44 years old, 55.7% junior middle school education higher proportion of 36.9%, followed by high school, secondary and primary schools from the survey questionnaire was also informed that 66% of the residents in the Kazak, Han, 12.7% specific values ​​(see Table 2 and Figure 1:
Table 2 Basic Residents
Figure 1 The educational level of residents
2. Community residents on the economic impact of cultural tourism attitude survey. Can be seen from Table 3, residents of "promoting local economic development", "the increase in employment opportunities," "the modernization of living increase" and "change the economic concept of" four each item 63.8%, 62.4%, 72% and 85.8% from the average of 4.56,4.28,4.53 and 4.74 can be seen, the community residents on these projects in favor of the high rate. "increase the income" accounted for 34.4%, mean of 3.57 in favor of "cause price increases," the 38% with an average of 3.23 neutral. "widening gap between rich and poor so that the residents" of the 4.2%, mean 2.12, said residents opposed to the project (see Table 3.

Links to free download http://www.hi138.com 3. Residents of the environmental impact of cultural tourism attitude survey. It can be seen from Table 4 in the environmental impact of the attitude survey in four residents of the following percentage of survey items was 72.3%, 67.02%, 62.4% and 71.6% Scale average higher than 4.2, indicating that the residents of four survey items in favor of the high rate (see Table 4.

4. Residents of the social and cultural impact of tourism on cultural attitudes survey. Residents of the positive social and cultural impact of tourism and cultural attitudes more strongly that "the Kazakh culture to spread" in favor of the rate of 94.3% with an average of 4.36, agreed with the survey. Residents negative impact on social and cultural attitudes, "affecting the local social order" and "disturbing the normal life of local residents" and "reduce the degree of trust between the residents' survey project against the three high rate of 82.2% each , 89.7% and 93%. Average less than 2.4, said residents opposed to the survey items (see Table 5.

Community residents for more than tourism economy, tourism, environment and socio-cultural impact of attitude were studied, the following three effects of positive and negative effects of a comprehensive comparison (see Table 6 and Figure 2.

Table 6 residents of the positive and negative impacts the overall mean attitude
Figure 2 is a negative impact on residents of the comparison of attitudes
From Table 6 and Figure 2 shows a positive impact on local communities is the attitude of support, and its scale in 3.5 above the mean in which a positive impact on the economy mean attitude 4.34, indicating that residents of the economic impact of tourism more positive attitudes, while negative attitudes the mean was 2.68, in neutral, that is also part of the population on the economic impact of taking a cold attitude positive impact on the environment attitude of the residents of the mean was 4.63, indicating that the impact of this attitude is very strongly also support the negative impact of attitude on the environment mean of 1.75, indicating a negative impact on the residents have opposed. a positive impact on social and cultural attitudes of the mean of 4.36, indicating that the impact of the residents agreed with this, but the negative impact on social and cultural attitude of the average is 1.69, indicating that the negative impact on the residents of these three opposed.

5. Residents of the development of cultural tourism in the attitude To be more clear that the residents of the attitude questionnaire also investigated the "Kazakh culture and tourism development with you about it," "willing to participate in the development of local tourism," "residents visitors understanding of number "and" attitude to foreign tourists "to these questions through statistical data found that 95.7% of residents think that` Kazakh cultural tourism development and their related, 4.3% of residents think of their business there 94.3% residents willing to participate in the development of local tourism, 5.7% of residents do not want to participate in the development of local tourism. knowledge of the number of visitors survey found that 55% of residents believe that the number of visitors just that little bit too much and 6% more than all, a little less and less each than 17%, 16% in understanding the attitude of the tourists, 56% of the residents are very welcome, 34% of the residents welcomed the small part of the population that hate. In short, most current residents welcomed the visitors and expressed the hope that some more visitors (see Figure 3 and Figure 4.

CONCLUSIONS
1 residents of community participation, low educational level of residents with a direct impact on the level of knowledge and ability to participate, especially tourism and travel skills, knowledge level [3]. As the three Township residents work mostly farmers and herdsmen, which determine the high educational level of residents in the education level of the survey show that residents of lower, more concentrated in the primary stage, therefore, to develop local tourism by training and talents to improve the ability of community participation in minority areas.

2 residents of the local development of cultural tourism support Kazakh higher in the attitude survey showed that residents have a positive impact on attitudes mean more than 3.5, indicating positive in favor of the Kazakh cultural tourism, although a negative impact on the attitude of the mean low But there are still a few residents supportive, so had to reduce the negative impact.

3 residents to actively participate in the tourism Industry's enthusiasm high, the attitude of foreign tourists is also positive, which is the development of Kazakh cultural tourism to bring greater opportunities for development.

References:
[1] Murphy P E. Tourism: a community approach [M], Methuen.New York and London ,1985:155-176.

[2] Fukang Sangonghe Kazakh village government. Fukang Sangonghe Kazakh townships Profile [Z], 2006.

[3] Zhao. Community Development Strategies in analysis of tourist attractions - to Shenyang Qipanshan international tourist zone, for example [J]. Tourism economy, 2010, (4) :118-119.

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