On the cultural construction in the sense of truth of the news networks _ Papers

Thesis network: [Paper Keywords] authenticity of cultural construction news
[Abstract] real life news. This all aspects of news production has been on the interpretation of cultural significance, indicating authenticity of the news is not pure, but on the basis of a certain social structure, cultural construction product of this reduction have been the real news, that the true facts, rather than the ultimate value of the sense of the pursuit.


News inherent basic characteristics are two: First, true, one fresh. These two points are the most basic Information, most core essence and only real news in order to dispel uncertainty about the real world, so , the real news of life, as well as news reporter's moral character.

The famous BBC correspondent 弗杰尔凯恩 said: Reporters should be on the art of the first real tribute to ... ... the reason why millions of people will watch and listen to the news, because we put on the supreme truth position is synonymous with trust, which is a principle can not be changed. ①
Above, then every word sonorous, powerful and influential. Who would question such as Kane, who adhere to ethical reporter would press the authenticity of the commitments made. However, from another point of view if we are to interpret this speech, it will produce an awkward question, namely: who is the real definition of real "real"? Correspondent to what extent can the real news coverage ? paper tried several links from the news production analysis, news from the theoretical level, to explore the "truth" exists.

(A news media organization is the production base, whether in China or abroad, whether public or private media institutions are controlled by the ruling class. According to the American Press Institute's annual report 2004, 22 large companies have 39% of the national newspaper , control 70% of the daily circulation (73 percent Sunday, while the top ten large companies operating with 20% of the national newspapers and 51% of daily circulation. According to the <<2005 Annual Development Report of China's Newspaper> > statistics, as of August 2005, China established 40 newspaper groups have the total number of newspapers accounted for 17% of the national newspaper, printed an average period of 30%, 41% of total impressions, total print runs 56% . ② These data show that in any country, the ruling class have strong control of the mass media, in order to maximize the political and economic socialization.

Regardless of national character, any other country in the world, the ruling class to consolidate its political domination, are dominant in the material basis of the premise, trying to maintain and develop its dominant ideology, while the use of one of the means is the media. Al plug on the ideology that there are a range of agencies and their associated in the practice of his way to the implementation of the state power were analyzed: one is mandatory and repressive state apparatus, such as government, police and prisons, and the other kind is the "ideological state apparatus," including religion (various church system of education (all public and private school system, the media (publishing, radio, television, Culture (literature, art, sports and many other aspects of the game. ③
Marx pointed out, "constitute the ruling class of all individuals have consciousness," and therefore "the times they regulate their own production and distribution of ideas." In other words, the ruling class in order to maintain their cultural hegemony, the need for the "main idea" make some adjustments, they use common words to shape their standards of thought and value system to induce the ruling class to accept their moral, political, and cultural values, while the key point of these words, "not to force people against their own will and conscience, succumb to the power of the ruling class oppression, but to individuals 'willing' to actively participate, to be assimilated into the ruling group's hegemony in world view or to. "④
(B respect the fact that objective reporting is every reporter must follow the basic guidelines and any one with good professional ethics of journalists, have no doubt that their work is maintained in a rational and calm state of mind, "objective" to select and report the news.

Thus, the media real in the early "mirror reflection" theory that the press must, like aircraft in the world behind the mirror, the World had the diversity of a true reflection of social reality, but there are a lot of criticism home the same metaphor to question the reporter can No to "objective" attitude portrayed the world, if not, then the extent to which they will own subjective consciousness without a trace of them hidden in the news.

We sense the world, more through the media. Interpersonal communication and social Development people arrested limited time and space constraints, it is impossible for us to maintain the associated real-world totally empirical exposure, while the modern media, but across time and space dimension degree, tell us what happened where, so we have a world of such a broader and deeper understanding, but we should also realize that the media Information is passed to us of a certain one-sidedness, as Chen Lidan one with the dark beam to describe the role of media in society, like the media in a certain time and space, only illuminate a few points, were spread lit place, not lit places we have not seen, but "was illuminate several points that the media can truly reflect the whole it? "⑤ Lippmann also works on the distinction between news and the truth was, he thought," is to highlight the role of a news event, but the truth is the role of reveal the hidden facts, to determine their mutual relations, in which one can depict the reality of the screen to take action only when social conditions reached a recognizable, can detect the extent of the truth and the news will overlap. "⑥
Described above in an objective journalist is no way to truly show the real world in public, we are living in the media construction of "virtual environment", and this environment has largely been that we identified as the real world.

Many journalists during the press production activities, insisted that he has a strong sensitivity to the press, can with "intuition" and "instinct" to know what news is important. In fact, reporters in the interview on the news source, has been Some experience a profound impact on Reporters: Who should be interviewed, how to interview, how to ensure the quality of the interview, etc. These experiences can guide the use of certain types of knowledge to the social world to imagine and build. media real "reproduction theory "break" a mirror to reflect that "the performance is also limited to this.

(Three day we are free to open the country's major newspapers, the news will be found on the front page with striking similarities, even the order of their organization are similar. So, what happened in the day, thousands and thousands, how to determine which front page news with the effect? ​​the same time, how can we ensure that a news appeared in different newspapers on the front page location?
Journalists will be to tell you that they are by virtue of inspiration, then according to news values ​​for trade-offs, through heavy "filter", more in line with news values, but also the more public attention. This " filtering "process is natural, that those who believe that their own journalists in professional news values ​​is the basis of" objective "and" real "news reports. Links to free download http://www . hi138.com so-called news values, is "what journalists used to determine the facts into the news and to measure what kind of news than other news of yardstick." ⑦ domestic and foreign scholars in the main standards are the same, main features: a prominent, impact, unusual nature, proximity, timeliness and fun, etc. Reporters sort of news to choose the course of events, that is, these specific principles and Kaufman "news frames" theory popular in the process. Zhongdang Pan made the news frame analysis of the basic theory consists of five parts: 1, meaning in communication (or interaction during the process of building, 2, is the use of communication activities expression vector of social activities, constitute a symbol of social production, 3, but it occurs in the physical form of material production Field, 4, so by the standards of the Field of the public interest and political and economic principles of logic between tension constraints, 5, is located in specific historical, economic, social and political coordinates of specific individuals or groups to achieve their cognitive understanding or meaning to follow the principles of organization and discourse, is his (their "framework". ⑧
However, we can not see a "news frame" exists, it is assumed that it would hinder the objectivity of the real news there. On the contrary, "precisely the framework of the authority depends on its own for 'objectivity' of the pursuit, but also That is, it needs to often contain 'awkward facts', even in some special circumstances, to accept different views of the sound. "⑨
From this we know, the reporter when the news reported the incident, but also to society in the sort happened, as is the build out of the media to express ideas and views, while news reporters in the event of a specific building, the It is not just a measure of news value, more is to bring a significant ideological color, the news events into the mainstream value system.

(Four journalists in the news in time editing, whether it is his thought process or writing process, inevitably have to use language that door tools so the language can not guarantee that they are "real, objective coverage world" ideal to achieve it?
Saussure, in his <<General Linguistics>> in use "sign" to refer to language as a whole, while the "concept" and "sound image" were used "within the meaning of" and "can mean" instead. Cable thread Seoul is to illustrate with this distinction, "and signified link is arbitrary, or because we are talking within the meaning of the symbol is linked to and generated a whole, we can more simply say: the linguistic sign is arbitrary. "⑩ arbitrariness of linguistic signs, meaning between words and things is the meaning of the convention, is constructed under specific historical and cultural background of the product. then we have to understand specific words, we need to restore it to a social the overall context of this description, real life cultural phenomenon of the existence of all their activities, even their own reflection, are constructed rather than naturally occurring.

Through all aspects of production of news for "authenticity" and "eradicates charm", we can conclude that news as an "objective reality" of social knowledge, not on the "outside world" objectively true record, but a kind of ideological construct, is a manifestation of the cultural significance of the press of the "real" is true only from a sense of real, rather than the transcendent sense of the "real."

References
① ⑩ with Stuart Allen, Fang Hao, Chen Yinan, Muyu Han, Wu Yu translation: <<Information and Culture>> [M]. Beijing: Peking University Press, 2008:51,67,94
② "2005 Annual Development Report of China's newspaper>> [R / OL], http://tech.sina.com.cn/oth-
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③ Mendenhall welcome, <<ideology and the main building - Althusser's theory of ideology>> [M], Beijing: China Social Sciences Publishing House, 2002:126
④ Lu Yang, Wang Yi: <<Introduction to Cultural Studies>> [M], Shanghai: Fudan University Press, 2006:183
⑤ Chen Lidan: <<News Ten Lectures on the theory "[M], Shanghai: Fudan University Press, 2008:64
⑥ Lippmann book, Yanke Wen, Jiang Hong translation: <<public opinion "[M], Shanghai: Century Publishing Group, Shanghai People's Publishing House, 2006:256
⑦ Missouri School of Journalism Writing Group: <<news writing tutorial>> [M]. Beijing: News Press, 1986:2
⑧ Zhongdang Pan, <<structure analysis: a need to clarify the field theory>> [J], "Journal of Communication and Sociology>> 2006 (1
⑨ Saussure was, Gao Kai translation: <<General Linguistics>> [M]. Beijing: Commercial Press, 1980:102 Links to free download http://www.hi138.com