Hainan Province to explore the marine eco-tourism and sustainable development

Summary: marine Tourism activities of human longing and attractive activities, a large number of tourists in the high connectivity and open environment, and which in turn has affected the sustainable Development of marine Tourism prospects. As China's Hainan Province has a huge province of marine Tourism resources in the Development of marine Tourism should focus on its sustainability, from the status quo of Hainan marine Tourism, marine tourism conditions, products, participation was analyzed, proposed the establishment of marine eco-tourism and sustainable Development.

Keywords: marine, eco-tourism, sustainable Development, Hainan

First, the rise of marine tourism
Ocean, as the planet's most fascinating part of human stimulated human yearning and desire to travel, human, regardless of distance, present and future, should not be deprived of their appreciation and enjoyment of the richness of the oceans with the opportunity marine resource Development as a tourist cause, as in addition to landscapes and cultural tourism resources, tourism resources is another important addition to the type of tourism is currently the world in their own territorial waters and vast high seas, ocean areas, continuous development of tourism resources, open up a number of marine tourism projects , the world's marine tourism industry breadth and depth of the rapid development of the forward Marine tourism has become an important industry and a practice and development tools.

Chinese Government's <<the development of China's Marine>> White Paper, discussed the development of marine tourism, said: "China's marine tourism and coastal cities to rely on, highlighting the marine characteristics, zoning, building policy fragmentation, coastal development and construction in recent years of more than 300 marine and island tourism and entertainment district, the construction of a distinctive tourism and entertainment facilities, the rapid development of marine tourism as marine industry. "It is understood that China's mainland coastline south to the north of Guangxi, Liaoning Dandong Fangcheng, coastal has developed one of more than 500 at the tourism and entertainment landscape resources. According to the plan, China will gradually become a maritime power, shipbuilding industrial power, sea salt producing countries, marine tourist destination and offshore oil and gas resources development, power, and eventually become a maritime power. Thus, to develop marine tourism industry, not only China's own industrial and economic development needs, but also the general trend of China's integration into the world economy.

Second, the development of marine tourism in Hainan Province Analysis
(A marine tourism development in Hainan conditions
1 weather conditions. Hainan is located in tropical and subtropical, with similar latitudes in Hawaii, USA, is China's only tropical island province. Due to the obvious impact on oceans and climate have obvious advantages, abundant light and heat throughout the year, rainfall, seasons often blue, cold winter, hot in summer average annual temperature of 25 ℃ ~ 28 ℃, the coldest month average temperature above 20 ℃ its light a long time, the annual sunshine time of about 1 750 to 2 650 hours, sunny day in more than 300 days when frozen, when thousands of miles north, where the warm air is still warm, you can sea bath. Hainan encompasses sun, sea, beach, green, the five elements of air, is China's only tropical island tourism and leisure area and winter resort.

2 marine tourism resources in Hainan is China's largest marine provinces, including Hainan Island and its administrative region surrounding islands, Paracel Islands, Spratly Islands, reefs and sand islands in the sea, the waters under the jurisdiction of an area of ​​more than 200 million square km is land area nearly 60 times the island has been developed Nanwanhoudao, Wuzhizhou, Boundary Island, Ying Bin Peninsula, Shenzhou Peninsula, Luhuitou Peninsula, Jade Belt Beach Peninsula. Hainan Island, located in the coastal landscape over 1618 km of coastline, everywhere you can develop into a world-class tourist destination of tourist resources currently Hainan Island Harbour 84, 68 can be developed. There were famous Yalong Bay , Sanya Bay, Begonia Bay, the East China Sea, perfume Bay, Shimei Bay, Long Beach High, Dongzhaigang, pawn Bay as the world's tropical marine tourism resources in one of the most densely populated areas, Hainan relying on the unique advantages of the ocean, will strive to build a world-class marine tourism base.

3. Human resources. Hainan is not only rich in natural resources, customs and other colorful cultural tourism resources, such as Li Miao dance, Qiongju, Taiwan puppet show with the puppets, Danzhou tone sound, are very local characteristics in Hainan cultural performances. island besides the Han, the ethnic minorities are native Hainan Island Li, Miao and Hui. the minority has retained many simple honest folk customs and habits, especially Li, the characteristics of tourism and cultural resources , the province's social style becomes unique and colorful. Hainan annual festival of joy will attract many tourists come here especially. for the Flower Festival, Festival of Madame Xian, Li Miao three days in March, the International Coconut Festival, Danzhou civil song festival is loved by the public, visitors relish the folk festival.

4 source markets. Hainan source mainly foreign tourists, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and mainland tourists constitute visitors, according to the Hainan Bureau of Statistics, in 2009 the total number of overnight Hainan received 2 2,503,300 of which 372,100 foreigners, compatriots in Hong Kong 121 800 and Macao compatriots 05600, 52000 Taiwan compatriots, domestic tourists 2 1951800. overseas tourism revenue 1.89 billion yuan, 19.282 billion yuan of domestic tourism revenue.

To Sanya, for example, statistical analysis, according to Bureau of Sanya, Sanya, 2009 order of the number of foreign tourists by immigration among the top five followed by Russia, Japan, South Korea, the United States, Germany, Russia, 77,210 people of which, foreign tourists accounted for 33.2 %, Japan 23 507 people, accounting for 10.1% Korea 19 750 people, accounting for 8.5%, U.S. 12 624 people, accounting for 5.4%; Germany 10 558 people, accounting for 4.5%. A total of tourism foreign exchange earnings 19 497 million.

5 hardware (1 hotel, according to the Hainan Provincial Tourism Bureau Statistics, as of 2009, Hainan total 260 star-rated hotels, of which 20 five-star hotels, 54 four-star hotels, 117 three-star hotel In 2009 the number of tourist hotels amounted to 7.0664 million hospitality, tourism and hotel rooms open rate of 59.18% Housing (2 traffic. Airways. Haikou Meilan Airport, Sanya Phoenix Airport has opened international, domestic and international routes 156 Russia, South Korea, United Kingdom other 20 countries opened a round-trip flights to Sanya, Hainan, non-stop domestic and international airline flights up to 25. Railway Hainan main railway Hainan East Central Railway, Central Railway Hainan Xi, Guangdong Railway. Guangdong Railway channel was officially opened in 2002. Sanya to Guangzhou, Sanya to Shanghai, Sanya and Beijing has been officially running passenger trains, and with the national rail networks for the East Central Railway opened to traffic after the end of 2010 this north-south between the two cities by cars time will be shortened to 1.5 hours by road. anywhere in the province has more than one road connection. mileage up to 1.7 million km, the "three vertical and four horizontal" for the skeleton, there is route through the port, city, county, and a branch extends to the island's 318 towns and tourist attractions. sea. the province's 68 natural harbors, has opened port 24, which Qiongshan, Sanya, eight, four Yangpu port to the maximum. Haikou, Sanya into a number of international cruise lines docking sites, the United States Carnival, Royal Caribbean and Malaysia, Korea magnitude three cruise companies have opened up a way to Hainan airline.

With the space launch center in Hainan Boao airport projects have been built and is planning rapid Western Railway, the railway bridge across the sea implementation of the project, Hainan will be more convenient transportation.

6 national policy. Hainan Tourism in China started late, all aspects of its development are not mature, but because the CPC Central Committee, State Council and the support of the leadership, rapid growth of tourism in Hainan countries support Hainan .2000 tourism industry development, Hainan Airlines to give the right to open the first, visa or visa-free and other special incentives, so that gradually the tourism industry in Hainan international investment in tourism, international tourist market, tourism, business management and international development track.

With the May 2008 release of Hainan Provincial Government <<international tourist island of Hainan, the Action Plan>>, to Hainan to build a travel shopping entertainment room and board one of five international tourism island, Hainan Island for the rapid development of coastal tourism provides an opportunity to liberalize trade in tourism services through a series of institutional innovations and arrangements, making the conditions of Hainan has many natural resources, geographic conditions, traffic conditions and other advantages, but also the support of national policies and his assistant. with so many excellent conditions, Hainan marine tourism industry will have a more far-reaching development.

(B Hainan Marine Tourism Product Analysis
According to marine tourism activities, marine tourism can be divided into coastal tours, cruises, submarine tours, ocean travel, island tour. By activity can be divided into marine scenery tours, marine eco-tourism, marine culture, travel, leisure travel vacation ocean, marine sports and entertainment tours, ocean health resort tours, shopping tours ocean present a major marine tourism in Hainan project is divided into:

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1 marine tourism product now, Hainan Sanya Nanshan Nanshan Cultural Tourism Zone and the size of the Cave is a tourist area as the background of the two marine national 5A tourist attractions. Sanya International Wuzhizhou 4A level scenic resort Hainan Tropical Wildlife Park, Yalong Bay National Resort District, Tianya Cape scenic Lingshui Nanwanhoudao ecological area, Xinglong Tropical Botanical Garden, Haikou Rock Hill volcanoes national geological parks, sea holiday beach, Yalong Bay tropical wooden garden etc. can be said that Hainan has many marine tourism resources in the development of marine leisure and tourism, but also tourists, the tourism market should be standardized, so that between the two reach equilibrium.

2 marine leisure travel products. As the government continues to build, Hainan has a good tourist reception facilities in Hainan slower pace of life, year-round climate, seasonal flowers, for the leisure travel market provides a good basis for (1 ) marine leisure products: There Yalong Bay, Sanya Bay, Begonia Bay, Moon Bay, Ya Zhou Bay, Hong Tang Wan, Yulin Bay, and many Gulf, which built a large number of four-star resort hotel. to form a tourism, leisure, adventure , swimming, resort, holiday resort in one of the tourism industry (2 marine sports entertainment products: diving, submarine tours, island adventures, water sports, fishing and other marine tourism projects In addition, Hainan has 16 international standard golf course Sanya has the nation's first international cruise a 10-ton wharf - Sanya Phoenix International Cruise Terminal, with an international standard yacht club - Sanya, Hong Zhou International Yacht Club Marina can be high-end market through the development of a waterfront, Hainan bring high consumption, and promote the marine tourism in Hainan.

3 Marine cultural leisure travel in the marine tourism development, combination of Hainan local history, folk culture, Festival activities enrich the level of marine tourism products. Hainan local characteristics to create a tourism program. The development of specialized marine tourism products, and Hainan folk with unique marine tourism, at present, has developed products include: Festival activities (such as: Hainan Joy Festival, Ocean Festival, Beach Music Festival, Blue Ribbon Day and other beautiful marine protected event activities (such as: World Miss New Silk Road Model Competition, the International Orchid Fair and other national cultural tourism (such as: betel Valley tourism, ah Noda and so on.

4 marine theme park construction. Hainan's marine theme park has started preparatory work, has a preliminary site Lingshui Lian Hong Kong tourist resort. Theme park area of ​​1000 acres of project planning, in accordance with world-class standards, international best practice to build large-scale integrated marine theme park. pre-project planning, the Ocean Park area, including performance hall, tropical underwater world, Typhoon Lagoon, water park, marine and mobile theater performances and other activities. planning to build a comprehensive large-scale marine theme park will and space theme parks, tourism and cultural industry cluster, a large tropical rain forest park, a large complement brand direct shopping, become a focal point of regional development and upgrading of key tourism industry in Hainan project.

Table 1 water-based activities with the participation of
(Three tourists in sea tourism product analysis
To further understand the already developed water-based activities to participation, especially production of a questionnaire, to come to Hainan for the travel survey of 100 visitors, including tourists surveyed, 50 were men and women, age remained at 15 to 50 years old. the basic situation (see Table 1 on page.

With economic development and the increase in free time each year to participate in such close contact with the seawater ocean activities will significantly increase the number of people.

Third, Hainan Analysis of marine eco-tourism for sustainable development
1 based on resource protection, development of ecological resources, first priority should be to protect resources, so that the regional tourism development and management at different levels layered combination. Specifically, this division of resources based on resource characteristics protected core areas, buffer zones and Tourism Development Zone and other areas at different levels. hierarchical and Area of ​​development is conducive to protection of marine natural ecosystems and human ecosystem integrity, lay the foundation for sustainable development in which tourism development can be divided out according to the law of tourism accommodation, sightseeing, tours, recreation, leisure, service and management functions Area, to facilitate tourism services and management activities. Second, we should implement three-dimensional development, resource utilization to achieve integration of the island coastline coastline is the island's unique resources, marine Tourism is an important basis for economic development. island economies of the development needs of the island leisure, tourism, island transportation, ocean energy, aquaculture and many other industries are dependent on the coastline of resources, the development of three-dimensional model can be limited to the coastline comprehensive utilization of resources to achieve, so development on the coastline of Hainan Province and the use of beaches and shoreline in line to pay attention to the natural properties, while highlighting the performance of the shoreline of geographical and cultural landscape features, distribution of coastline, landscape layout, site selection and land in Hong Kong other aspects of optimization.

2 based on leisure, highlighting the island culture holiday is the world's major tourism markets and trends lies. Hainan should be based on customer needs, provide a complete holiday facilities, to create a unique island resort atmosphere. The one hand protection under the premise of island resources, retain a distinctive, original leisure farms, villages or towns, construction of ecological characteristics of hotels, resorts, cabins, boat dock and the island, beach, sea, entertainment facilities, folk customs performance, the islanders life experience, Music and other interactive and fishing tourism activities, island characteristics, deeply rooted, so that tourists get in-depth travel experience and physical and mental relaxation on the other hand should be further excavation and development of Hainan island culture, island landmark building tourist facilities. landmarks or landscape development and construction of tourism on the island of great significance. landmark or landscape features should meet the needs of the international market, in the shape of the project can be developed to establish a unique style, in the image should be represented on the image of the island, the culture should be displayed with the concept of Hainan Province, the cultural characteristics and features.

3 rational development of marine tourism resources and promote sustainable development of marine tourism Hainan marine resources is the focus of future tourism development, it implies an extremely rich resources and prominent features. Nature has given us is extremely easy to damage and difficult to restore the gift, is non-renewable resources. Hainan has China's most abundant marine resources, marine development during the project must be on the development of marine ecosystem studies, consistency of time and space in accordance with the requirements of consistency, with special emphasis on the real situation is far from fixed or static, a reasonable position, development and deployment, to achieve the overall benefits. not blind development and duplication. to the marine environment for sustainable development as the core, so marine tourism development and environmental development.

References:
[1] Li Xuelun. Tourism Geography [M]. Qingdao: Ocean University Press, 1998.

[2] Li HB, Li Yuezheng. Analysis of the development of marine tourism in Hainan Province [J]. Marine tourism and development, 2008, (10).

[3] Shen Lihua Marine tourism economy of the formation and development of ideas [J]. Ocean Development and Management, 2004, (4).

[4] Zhang Yuefang, Yuan Guohong. Hainan marine tourism development status and countermeasures [J]. Modern shopping malls, 2007, (2).

[5] Jiang Pengpeng the Chinese coastal tourism destination competitiveness study - in Dalian, Qingdao, Xiamen, Sanya, for example [D]. Shanghai: East China Normal University, a master's degree thesis, 2008.

[6] Hainan Provincial Tourism official website.

[7] Statistical Yearbook 2009, Sanya, [K]

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