On the statistical theory of statistical thinking

[Abstract] the so-called statistical thinking, that is, the actual work in Statistics, statistical theory, applied Research, we must follow the basic philosophy and guiding principle. Statistical ideas including mean thought, thinking of variation, estimated ideas, related ideas, thought fit, test ideas and other ideas. The article on the interpretation of statistical thinking, statistical thinking and understanding on the proposed three-point thinking.

[Keywords:] Statistics, statistical thinking, understanding

1 About Statistics Statistics is a substantial social science, both of the objective laws of social life, has examined the statistical method statistical basis of inheritance and Development of the theory of statistical results, adhere to the statistical nature of the social sciences, the Statistics theory closer to the actual statistical work in the Development of state and society widely.


2 statistics of several statistical ideas in the ideological formation of Statistics 2.1 Statistics is not a natural form of thinking, to go through statistical concepts, statistical sense, statistical concepts phases Statistical thinking is based on changes in human society needs to carry out various statistical practice, statistical theory and generalization, in order to gradually form a system of statistical thinking.

2.2 commonly used types of so-called statistical statistical thinking thinking, that is, the actual statistical work, statistical theory and applied Research must follow the basic philosophy and guiding principle. Statistical ideas including: mean thought, thinking of variation, estimated ideas, related ideas, thought fit, to test them. are summarized as follows:
2.2.1 The mean is the mean idea to the study of simple and important representatives mean the concept of almost all statistical theory, the basic idea is statistical. Mean thinking also requires the whole problem, but asked to observe the general Development tendency to avoid the interference of the individual by chance, it also reflects the overall concept.

2.2.2 statistical study of variation thought the general characteristics of similar phenomena, it's premise is that the overall characteristics of each unit there are differences. Statistical methods is to understand the differences in the number of things. Statistics reflect the variation of the more basic concept is the variance, is that "variation" and "average" the concept of average and variability are characteristic of similar things in the abstract and macro-metrics .

2.2.3 estimate the overall thought is estimated that the sample presumably, is the same type of things getting from here to understand method using estimation methods have a default: the same sample with the overall nature of the sample can be representative of the population but representative sample of Sex accidental factors, the theory of confidence in estimating the degree of measurement is a necessary step to maintain rigorous logic.

2.2.4 thinking things are generally related links, changing, often go hand in hand some things were changed or the attendant circumstances were present overall in turn, composed of many individual firms, these individual things are interrelated, and We studied the whole thing is based on the homogeneity of the formation and thus, between individuals in general, the overall total and the other is always between interrelated.

2.2.5 fitting idea is to fit the relationship between different types of things, the appearance abstract. Any single relationship must rely on other relationships exist, all real things, relationships were very complex, this approach is the law or trend fitting. the results of fitting the model, reflecting the general trend is the trend expression "changes things and relations as reflected in the number of process models and based on this indicates the possibility."
2.2.6 statistical methods to test them is always inductive, the conclusion is always with a certain degree of probability, based on local characteristics and laws of the promotion can not be completely out to determine the credibility, the inspection process is to use actual data to test samples Some characteristics of the overall number of prior assumptions are credible.

2.3 characteristics of statistical ideas
As an applied statistics, mathematical statistics from it to learn the new school nutrition, and more widely used mathematical methods, more and more closely linked, but the idea reflected in the statistics on the school, compared with the general, as well as their own The special thing about its basic features from the following four aspects reflect: (a statistical way of thinking emphasizes the unity of nature and application, (2 statistical thinking emphasizes the unity of science and art; (3 statistical thinking emphasizes the objectivity and subjective unity, (4 Statistical analysis of the ideological emphasis on qualitative and quantitative analysis of the uniform.


Three pairs of statistical thinking something to think about 3.1 to correct the current existence of some incorrect thinking and understanding the famous British biologist, statistician Galton once said: "Statistics has the extraordinary ability to deal with complex issues, when the scientific exploration the process of advancing in the way set out in the bush, the only statistics that can help them open a channel. "But that is not so simple, because the reality we face the problem may be much more complex than imagined. In addition, some people think The more complex the more scientific method, in the actual analysis of the study, like a simple problem complicated, it seems that in order to show its scientific content. In fact, the real science is to simplify complex issues rather than the pursuit of complexity with the associated is that some people think that science is only inferential statistics, descriptive statistics is not science, and extend the expansion to only mathematical statistics is a scientific, social and economic statistics is not science this understanding. This understanding is extremely wrong, at least for the socio-economic statistics ignorance of the Belgian mathematician Ketterle not only to study probability theory, and focus on the statistics used in human things, trying to create a statistical improvement of society as a tool of economics and demographics in some of the modern concept of such as GNP, population growth, etc., are the legacy of Kettler and his disciples. Links to free download http://www.hi138.com
3.2 To continue to develop statistical way of thinking is based on statistical thinking, inductive reasoning or inductive logic as the main way we all know, there are two main methods of logical reasoning: inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning inductive reasoning is based on the observed data (especially is incomplete or poor quality Information) to generate new knowledge or to validate a hypothesis, that the available data based on general characteristics of induction to arrive at a conclusion. inductive reasoning is based on Information in the data through chance to discover the necessity. deductive reasoning is the ability to deepen understanding of statistics, especially in the necessity to study and understanding based on chance, the great role.

3.3 Deepening the understanding of data analysis
Studies without any statistical data analysis because it is necessary to obtain statistical conclusions of the study areas, although the form of statistical analysis of the passage with the times changing, but "all the Information extracted from the data" or "induction, and reveal" as a The purpose of statistical analysis has not changed. statistical data analysis for the following three reasons: First, based on the same data will arrive at different, even opposite conclusions of the analysis, the second is the analysis of the data we are faced with sometimes defects or there is not truth, third is the analysis of data we face is massive and sometimes, people can not start, although statistical data analysis has experienced a descriptive data analysis (DDA), inferential data analysis (IDA) and exploratory data analysis (EDA) phases, analysis methods and techniques has been a qualitative leap, but with the increasing demands of mankind than the problems it seems more and more so, we must deepen the analysis of the data understanding of the theme of "accurate data to answer specific questions and obtain from all valid Information," the purpose of expanding Research ideas, to continue to carry out data analysis methods and techniques of Research.


References:
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[2] Pang Yougui. Statistics and statistical thinking [J] Information Development & Economy, 2004, (03).

[3] Fan is. Several basic statistical ideas of practical significance [J] Statistics and Decision, 2007, (08).

[4] Xing Li <<Nine Chapters on Arithmetic>> in statistical thinking to explore [J]. Statistical Research, 2008, (03)

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