Artistic gymnasts balance on the expansion of the training analysis

Abstract Artistic gymnastics is a highly Artistic sports, Artistic gymnastics balance for the current training status, the ability to balance Artistic gymnastics training methods from the strength, endurance, psychological and other aspects of proprioceptor comprehensive development, it would be to Other sports get a new training method counterweight to balance innovation and Artistic gymnastics training methods.

Keywords artistic gymnastics balance Outward Bound

First, the artistic gymnastics balance Research
Since 1981, our first date to participate in artistic gymnastics world championships, artistic gymnastics After nearly 30 years of development history, technical level of its movement has been significantly improved, but with Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Bulgaria, Italy and other powers than in terms of action choreography, body technology, device technology and artistic expression, both the existence of a gap.

Artistic gymnastics is a highly artistic and require innovative sports. Eurythmics sets of movements can arouse people's interest is race an important factor to achieve good results. The difficulty is composed of full body movements of the skeleton, but also measure the athlete's technical level Most important in the artistic gymnastics technology more difficult direction to a higher update today, Russia, Belarus and other countries of the best players in the completion of jump, twist, balance, movement has been done almost perfect, impeccable the point, the body movements of the technical quality but also to a new level, while most of our athletes in action to complete technological quality compared with foreign good players there are still large gaps, especially the difficult gap between the quality of action is complete more significant. known as the new Queen of Gymnastics, the Olympic Games in 2008 were all-around champion, the four highest scoring player Yevgeny Eugenia Fabio Russian Isinbayeva, who will be in the show, parade, music, integrated with one, performance was mesmerizing, especially her "move after the 1080-degree swivel leg up" people remember. Ukraine's Annabeisuo Nova ribbon to "Difficulty degree swivel stand 2160 'opening , flawless performance. be able to complete a clear-cut of these dancing, beautiful sound, with good balance control are inseparable.

Balance and dance style are two aspects of an action, the purpose is to balance the dance style, while the dance style is a manifestation of balance, the two complement each other, so the action can master all kinds of balance plays a vital artistic gymnastics role balance meaning that in a variety of positions needed to maintain the stability of a physical skill. balancing act is a measure of the athlete's body control and form an important part of the action difficult. artistic gymnastics balance of class actions are based on single support the foot or knee on the ground in support of the minimum area to complete a certain extent, correct and beautiful dance style, and obviously the time to maintain a certain control of its athletes balance is very high.

Balancing act reflects the static nature of the control athletes balance body size the only sign. In today's artistic gymnastics balance on the shape of the action, more is the use of upper body forward, backward, lateral flexion to the horizontal position, while with substantial control of leg posture, which is the balance of past actions to focus only on the height of the legs and legs magnitude of upper body upright posture simply a breakthrough addition, in the latest rules also "slow switch" technology into the balance difficulty, the rich diversity of technology, which also reflects the balancing act technology is more complicated trend.

At present, the art of gymnastics training for the balance of the older, in order to catch up with the developed world level, we must balance the ability of the method of training for innovation, surprisingly difficult to clever surprisingly, become negative factor for the favorable factors, the current In other sports there are many very good way to balance training, sports are similar, we can in other sports, the training methods used to balance up the artistic gymnastics, rhythmic gymnastics in the overall improvement of the current training methods, which improve the ability to balance artistic gymnast to accomplish difficult body movements, a better level of play.

Second, the study of other sports counterweight
In a variety of sports specific, the balance are very important, such as archery, shooting, gymnastics, martial arts, wrestling and other projects. Zhang Yi-bing on the shooter's balance of Research suggests that shooting sports require athletes to have a stronger static balance control. Masahiko Kimura and other studies that, due to the characteristics of judo, making the body in peacetime training, athletes are often exposed to strong external shocks, making the lost capacity to adapt, so when the body by an external shock, and non-visual conditions, the recovery and the ability to maintain body balance was significantly better than the average person.

In the aerobics movement, the focus of the body prone to deflection, so rely on to maintain the original balance and overcome the resulting tilt movement to maintain the stability of the action, especially in the shift and two-dimensional space conversion action to maintain good body weight, smooth is very important. Aerobics matter how complex movements, body posture control is always required in a good posture position, even in complex and varied the pace of the action a long time to complete the process of composition, the whole body posture is not good damage. shows balance and Aerobics technology is closely related.

Currently training methods for balance in the international Research is still in a relatively backward state of South Chung-hee (2003 <<physical training guide book>> made a number of training methods the stability of equilibrium, such as to extend to maintain posture time, reduce the support area, improve the support plane height, the use of unstable support, the use of antagonism, to imitate skiing, skating action, etc. The above training methods more specific, but for athletes, this training method is easy to balance allow them to receive, should vary.

Third, the artistic gymnastics balance the overall expansion of training methods
Balance of static and dynamic are two kinds, static state of equilibrium is still made in the balance of action, the action is a dynamic balance in walking, running, jumping, swivel connection immediately after the balancing act. To balance the Research often constitute the basis for awareness campaigns and the key to understanding movement, so in sports studies, the Research should pay attention to balance order to reveal the dynamic nature of sport and changes in the law, should be the first of its static characteristics and steady-state conditions have a correct and deep understanding, which should study the balance in sports to start.

(A strength training.

Balance refers to the role of muscles of the body the right timing, appropriate direction and speed of movement, balance and stability and there is rhythm. Artistic gymnastics balance the body posture is a significant difficulty with the equipment still fast-moving "static and dynamic" use of technologies. In the physical, the balance training can be the most difficult, due to coordination in addition to genetic effects, athletes psychological personality, but mainly related to muscular strength and endurance, technical movement proficiency, speed and speed endurance between body weight balance, the action rhythm, muscle relaxation and contraction, and even softness and so on.

Therefore, training in artistic gymnastics balance of action should first start to grasp the center of gravity to maintain the balance necessary to improve overall muscle control and coordination between the ability and the cerebral cortex of the time, space, ability to judge which is the balancing act of training core and foundation from the static analysis point of view, the main factors affect human balance, the size of a support surface and the low center of gravity, the smaller the support surface, the higher center of gravity to maintain balance difficult. Second, the body's core muscles for training, the core muscles of the body to maintain balance has an important role in the artistic gymnastics training period, the body center of gravity volatile, changing position, the trunk is always a balance - balance - balance and stability of the dynamic changes. posture maintenance and adjustment of balance is largely dependent on a small core of large muscles and core muscle co-contraction acting to complete there studies suggest that trunk control and balance the body functions of the correlation coefficient up to 0.783 of these muscles to maintain posture, resulting in movement and coordination muscle activity, a stable body to absorb and generate force, the force's ability to convey to the body in the core area of ​​the training process, the central nervous system can "campaign muscle" and "stability muscles" to integrate, to better coordination work.

Combination of exercise training methods and the characteristics of rhythmic gymnastics, you can enhance the core strength of the final balance capacity, to raise the following training methods:
1, the pole exercises.

The bar to practice exercises to body shape, body control, balance and movement jumping supporting practice-based and it is not only able to develop a standardized body posture, and can effectively develop the legs and torso flexibility and strength of art gymnast's balance is improved.

2, unstable support surface of exercise equipment.

From the mechanical point of view, the main factors affect human balance has three, one level of the body center of gravity, and second support surface area, third support surface stability of the body's center of gravity lower, supporting surface area to maintain balance more large support surface more stable, easier to maintain balance. balance is one of the body's basic motor function, refers to the ability to maintain body position, especially in the support surface the ability to control body weight because of its unstable support surface characteristics, so such devices will be summarized in the name of an unstable support surface equipment of these devices in foreign countries has been widely used, mainly in the practice of balance, muscle strength and improve core area based. There are many experiments proved that the use does not stable support surface equipment training athletes to improve balance and core muscle strength has a significant effect.

The introduction of foreign sports journalists have it among the many athletes training for example, in Norway Alpine skiing, high jump, golf, soccer, baseball player and so on. Experts speculate that in an unstable state for strength training can stimulate the central trunk muscles, hip muscles and the body's major muscle groups of deep neuromuscular coordination between the contractions, increase in the highly unstable state of the athletic ability to improve its balance. the country's national taekwondo team has also introduced an unstable support surface devices, intended to be used in balance training, the development of taekwondo athletes balance and core area of ​​special control present in our athletic training has begun gradually extended this approach, if applied to the art of gymnastics training on the counterweight, should be able to obtain significant results.

3, suspension training.

Practice has proved that suspension training in this dynamic environment of instability in the core of strength training not only to increase core muscle strength plays a significant role, but also to enhance the body's balance and trunk stability if the core muscle weakness , we need the body the spine, surrounding soft tissue and muscles surrounding the extra burden to bear, be able to maintain normal body balance can be seen, the greater the strength of core muscles, the body's ability to better stability and balance in Artistic gymnastics will be vacated often moves in the body in the vacant state, the right side of the body for movement, left the body and the torso is the anchor to maintain its balance, therefore, artistic gymnasts in daily training, In addition to focusing on the right side of the body strength training, the opposite side should also be appropriate to strengthen its muscle strength training, so that the muscles of the "balance" of training.

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(B endurance training.

Artistic gymnastics is a high-intensity training program, function and endurance of the human body has a high demand, there is a strong need for endurance athletes, avoid fatigue affect the athlete's balance. Antonio and other studies have shown that human fatigue affect human balance In addition, work load balancing features affect the human body that work load increased, the body shake of the indicators are on the increase in the tilt direction, and shake speed is less affected. Day and other study found that two-legged stand can increase the width of the narrow focus of shake displacement and speed, and direction of the left and right direction is more obvious than before. Lackner, etc. note finger on the surrounding environment, light exposure can increase proprioceptive input, to reduce the extent of posturography.

(C psychological training.

Artistic gymnast spot to play sports to get good grades is an important part and many of the high level of artistic gymnastics training, but during the race (especially big game), due to the audience, the game scenes and other interference factors impact, often resulting in abnormal competition for such athletes, the game can simulate the atmosphere, conditions, etc., before the balance of the assay, and through appropriate psychological training to improve the athlete anti-jamming capability.

The human body to maintain balance depends on the vestibular, visual and sensory input to the system and the human central nervous system integration. The vestibular system is stimulated by noise, will affect human balance function is to balance the body within a certain period of time under the control of the human nervous system balance in the process of self-regulation, the impact of factors in addition to physical, psychological and other factors inherent , but also by the external environment of noise, light intensity, odor, and many other factors, the application in sport studies tend to bring some confusion. Li Wenbin balance of noise effects on the human body have been studied, the noise intensity about the human body shaken and shaken long track speed and other indicators have a significant impact as the noise intensity increases, the total track length shaken, before and after the track length, track length and shaken about the speed linearly increasing trend, from 90 dB (A) significantly increased the body began to shake.

(D proprioceptor training.

Balance the body's position depends on the central nervous system of visual, proprioceptive and vestibular information, coordination and control of the movement effector. Proprioceptor means a muscle, tendon and joint receptors within and feel the body movement and position in space changes, the center provides information, such as feelings of muscle spindle stretch and contraction of the muscles, tendons, muscle spindle feel the feelings attached to the end of the tendon on the bone stretching, and joint receptors can feel the movement of ligaments of these receptors mainly in sensorimotor organ position changes, and some will feel the vestibular organs of the body unit is also listed as receptors. Misalignment of a range of movement, through the front feedback regulation to maintain the balance of the body posture. postural changes and vestibular organs are visual perception, visual perception of the surrounding environment in which the movement of the vestibular system is feeling the head and face movement and gravity changes the relative position of the vestibular system response than the visual system responsive, and thus in the maintenance of posture plays a more important role, especially in artistic gymnastics training to improve balance, especially, such as: Swiss ball exercises, balance mat exercises, mat exercises without equipment, etc. are all good The effective way to improve balance.

Artistic gymnast of all motor skills in the body can be formed on the basis of experience. Proprioceptor will be able to perceive with each action in muscles, tendons, joints and ligaments shorten, tighten and relax the different status of the cerebral cortex motor behavior comprehensive analysis to create complex conditions often participate in sports training, not only the function of receptors makes the body has been improved, and the analysis of muscle movement, the operating time to determine the accuracy are developed. For example, the different level of training of basketball players dribble fast attacks, high levels of athletes training their strong point, a small number of goals conceded, and movement speed, showing the body of receptors with high sensitivity. This feeling is also is usually said "ball sense", and sports studies have shown that high levels of movement of the ball players better than the ordinary sense of the level of player. muscle activity occurs when proprioception is often visual, hearing and other sensory shielding, so proprioception also known as dim feeling. athlete's proprioceptive ability, must go through long training, to the consciousness of the more obvious and accurately reflect the movement of their own actions.

As the artistic gymnasts must pay attention to sports-related stimuli, so they have to rely on muscle and joint receptors within the vestibular device to access information in order to maintain balance and maintain posture when visual stimuli are removed or dispersed, within the muscle and joint injuries receptors in the central nervous system in order to provide accurate location information, it is necessary for re-training the muscles and joints, thereby enhancing the ability to feel. recovery phase, proprioceptor training, but also the formation of a movement stimulus.

Ankle joint is an important joint artistic gymnasts, rhythmic gymnastics, many actions need to toes touch the ground, the ankle joint exercise is very important. Proprioceptor ankle position sense experience to the central pass, motion perception, force, vibration sense information, participate in feedback regulation of the nervous system study found that damage to the body to restore function for the joint receptors provide sensory information protection, prevention of joint instability. ankle adjustment is under the control of the senior center complex process, first is the mechanical feel the stimulation of receptors, then the transmission of information to the central nerve, the nerve center of the integration signal and outgoing signal to activate the muscles, the resulting force, which is a dynamic adjustment process, the final activities of the ankle joint by joint biomechanics and Physical properties such as joint range of motion, muscle strength, tolerance of common decisions. joint movement control requirements of the stability of muscles and joints of the body from the receptors.

Find data from abroad, to practice balance means there are many, such as reducing the area with the support of the ground, the action on the balance beam exercise, in three-dimensional space of one leg stand, a sudden change in the center of gravity moves, etc. in Korea Taekwondo The quality of the training team training are also sudden changes in the center of gravity of the practice, such as push-ups after running up, sit up and ran after, etc. These artistic gymnastics balance training can learn from both. □

References:
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