Based on principles of cost management cost control analysis of high-speed rail

[Abstract] In recent years, high-speed rail as the representative of rail transportation has been considerable development, but the project cost management and Investment control effect but to no avail. In view of this, the paper first international project cost control for a brief status introduced, respectively, after high-speed rail Investment decision-making phase, design phase and construction phase of project cost control were analyzed, and finally put forward the relevant recommendations of cost control, has some theoretical and practical significance.

[Keywords] cost management, high-speed railway, decision-making phase, design phase, construction phase

1 Introduction
With the Investment in railway construction projects have been expanding, according to the <<China's railway and long-term development plan>> [1], 2020, to meet rapidly growing demand for passenger transport, the establishment of provincial capital cities and cities of rapid passenger access between the planning "four vertical and four horizontal" railway passenger corridor and three fast inter-city express passenger transport system, however, the present building, from the control of China's railway Investment situation analysis, the "three excesses" phenomenon is relatively common, high-speed rail project in project cost management and Investment control effect is not very satisfactory. project cost control is a reasonable goal to determine the project cost under the premise, through the use of scientific management methods and advanced management tools, the use of dynamic control theory, effectively control project cost In a pre-determined target cost should be within the scope to improve Investment efficiency and Economic benefits of the parties involved in the project [2] due to construction costs throughout the whole process of the project, according to stage can be divided into: Investment decision-making phase, design phase and construction phase, to dynamically and effectively control the project cost, it must be the three phases of every step to strengthen management.

2 high-speed railway project cost control
2.1 high-speed rail Investment decision-making phase of the project cost control
Investment in railway construction cost control decision-making phase of crucial importance, as determined by the technical and Economic decision-making, directly related to the project cost to determine. Project Investment decision-making phase of the project cost management is primarily one of uncertainty analysis, including profit and loss balance analysis, sensitivity analysis and probabilistic analysis in order to avoid high-risk incidents. breakeven analysis only for financial evaluation, sensitivity analysis and probabilistic analysis can be used for financial evaluation and Economic evaluation [3] high-speed railway construction projects due to huge investment, long-lived, spread-impact, cost-effective recognition complex, systematic and holistic transportation projects and a strong focus on Economic evaluation and social evaluation of their specificity and characteristics, so its uncertainty analysis can not be applied mechanically in general, the key is the data collection and identification.

In order to ensure project cost control decision-making stage of the scientific, policy makers should be: 1. Deepen the depth of the feasibility study, realistic market analysis, project decision-making to avoid the blindness of 2 to improve the quality of investment is estimated to enhance project cost data accumulation , collation and management, 3 railway has been completed to establish a database of project cost, reasonable estimates for the future of science indicators, revised and fixed rates and other fee basis, 4 to enhance the spillover effect of social research and adhere to sustainable development strategies and routes .

2.2 high-speed railway design phase of project cost control
2.2.1 The design phase of the project cost problems and countermeasures
Design phase of the investment project cost control is the decisive part of the design determines the size of the project a long time, China's construction of the project design phase of the inadequate attention to cost control, heavy, light of Economic, did not pass the investment estimate to control the design, optimization , so that effective control of project cost, therefore, in the design phase from the following aspects of the design phase of the project cost control: 1. a long-term, should have sufficient reserves and project design cycle, designed to avoid surprise, (2) changing concepts improve the design quality of personnel, 3. to implement quota design, to control the quantities of main content, overcome and control the "three excesses" phenomenon, 4 optimized design, including technical and economic analysis, multi-objective optimization and value Engineering analysis .

Value Engineering 2.2.2 Introduction and Case Study Method
Optimal design is the design phase of major investment control methods. Given space limitations, this value Engineering analysis on a simple introduction.

Value analysis, also known as value Engineering method, with good systematic and operational, which can be widely used in its related fields through collaboration on the study of function and cost for system analysis, designed to enhance the value of the study way of thinking and management techniques. The steps are as functional definition, functional assessment and action plan for improvements. their example is as follows:
Background: A speed of 350 km of new passenger line, located in eastern China, the Yangtze River Delta of China's important economic base for communication, the line is line length of 300.068km, the total project is expected to invest 25.28 billion yuan static. Line in a bridge project, all length 4650m, beginning and ending mileage for the DK097 +350- DK102 +000. due to the different structure of the bridge, a total of Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ four designs by experts for its technical analysis and argument, come to their respective meter cost is 2600 yuan / m3, 2500 元 / m3, 2800 元 / m3, 3000 yuan / m3. using value Engineering to optimize the design method is as follows: Links to free download http://www.hi138.com
Similarly determine the W1 = {0.64,0.36}, W2 = {0.41,0.41,0.18}, W3 = {0.48,0.52}, portfolio weighting factor WFi = {0.06,0.03,0.11,0.11,0.05, 0.31,0.33} ,
(2 unilateral program function score and cost, as shown in Table 2-2:
(3 function coefficients
F Ⅰ = 8 × 0.06 +9 × 0.03 +10 × 0.11 +9 × 0.11 +10 × 0.05 +6 × 0.31 +8 × 0.33 = 7.84
Similarly: F Ⅱ = 8.65 F Ⅲ = 7.77 F Ⅳ = 7.98
Function coefficient f Ⅰ = F Ⅰ / (F Ⅰ + F Ⅱ + F Ⅲ + F Ⅳ) = 7.84 / (7.84 +8.65 +7.77 +7.98) = 0.243
Similarly can be calculated: f Ⅱ = 0.268f Ⅲ = 0.241f Ⅳ = 0.248
(4 to determine the cost factor, the value factor and the best solution, as shown in Table 2-3:
The use of value engineering method for comparison and selection of engineering design optimization program, will help control costs at the design stage to reduce investment.

2.3 high-speed railway construction phase of project cost control
High-speed railway construction project construction phase is based on design drawings, raw materials, semi-finished products, equipment and other entities into the process of construction, the project is to build value and use value to achieve the main stage of construction should be to ensure the quality and duration of the premise , so that the full cost control in order to achieve the savings investment, improve economic efficiency [4]. The railway project construction phase of the project cost problems are: 1. Violation of the basic procedures for construction projects, a large number of design changes during construction, (2) on-site visa chaos, audit, supervision and irresponsible, 3 units in the completion of settlement construction in the high estimate the risk calculation, false project cost, 4. first fixed pricing is not rational, the law of value can not really play a role.

To solve the above problems, we should be in the construction phase of the project cost to take the following measures: 1. Correctly handle the cost, quality, duration of the relationship, C = f (T, Q) (where C-cost, T-duration, Q- quality, (2) Strengthen standard bidding system, separate volume and price realization, reform the bidding process and increase the transparency of the process, (3) Strengthen construction design and management, resource optimization, 4 dynamic implementation of project cost control, 5. to strengthen engineering changes and claims control, in order to reduce cost, 6. to achieve full contract management and complete terms of the contract, 7. a really good job clearing the completion of audit work.

3 Conclusion
Construction project cost control is to use science and technology and strict management measures on investment of a system to organize and supervise the process of this paper, high-speed railway project to cost control as the object of study, based on the principles of cost management, high-speed railway construction project decision-making stage, design phase and construction phase of investment control studies, case study presented by the value engineering method, discussed the effective control of project cost of investment and related initiatives, has a certain practical and theoretical significance.


References
[1] Ministry of Railways, China Railway and long-term development plan, Beijing: 2005.

[2] Shaoguo Xia, Zheng-Guo Cao. Railway scale with the budget estimate [M] Beijing: China Railway Publishing House, 2007.08.

[3] Li Yuanfu Civil Engineering Economics and Project Management [M] Beijing: China Railway Press, 2001.

[4] Zhou Y, strengthen the construction Project Management and effective control of project cost [J]. Railway Transport and Economy .2002.02:34 -35. Links to free download http://www.hi138.com