Quality control on housing construction Exploration

[Abstract] the quality of housing construction is a common concern the majority of residents in housing construction during the construction and use of apparent quality problems can not be overlooked, to explore its causes and take appropriate measures to control and effective measures , virtually eliminating the quality problems.

[Keywords] housing construction, quality; prevention measures

In recent years, some contractors do not have the qualified construction companies won the bid through various channels into the construction areas of production, the production process in the construction of the low bid by no bottom line, then cut corners, layers of subcontracting, etc. profitability, these measures difficult to guarantee the quality, serious damage to the quality, the state's property and lives of the people causing great harm, so construction companies must be engineering quality as the foundation of survival, quality of the project must be clearly aware of the importance of which by means of scientific management, advanced technology and equipment, excellent staff team to ensure the quality meet the national standards and industry standards, in an invincible position in the competition.

A construction quality management features
Housing construction projects involve a wide range of construction, is an extremely complex and comprehensive process, with the building location is fixed, the production flow, complex, diverse construction, size large, high integrity, long construction period, high quality requirements, affected by natural conditions and other characteristics, so the quality of the construction project management, implementation of the project more difficult than the implementation of general industrial products more difficult, specifically the following expression:
1.1 Factors affecting the quality of many
Construction design, materials, machinery, topography, geological conditions, hydrology, meteorology, construction technology, methods of operation, technical measures, management systems, investment cost, construction period and so directly affect the quality of construction projects.

1.2 is easy to produce quality variation and quality and volatile
Construction project there is no fixed production lines, there is no standardization of production processes and improve the detection technology, there is no complete set of production equipment and stable production environment, coupled with the impact of the project construction quality of the causal factors and systemic factors are more Therefore, quality is very prone to mutation.

1.3 Quality checks can not be disintegrated, and the limitations of demolition and final inspection
After the completion of the project, not as some kind of industrial products, and then removed or the disintegration of the internal quality checks, the quality of the project there are hidden; the project final inspection can not be the intrinsic quality of the test project and found that the quality of hidden defects . and even if found quality problems, and can not do, as some industrial products like industrial parts or to replace the product, as the implementation of "replacement."
1.4 quality by investment, the progress of the constraints
The construction quality by the investment project, the progress of the constraints of the larger, such as general, the large investment, slow progress, the quality is like, on the contrary, the quality is poor, so the project in the construction, we must correctly handle the quality of investment, the progress of three the relationship between, to reach the unity of opposites.

1.5 Evaluation of the specificity
Assessment of project quality inspection and acceptance is based on inspection lot, sub-project, the division works, the unit works. Hidden works in hidden after passing inspection before acceptance, related to structural safety and use features important part project to carry out random detection.

2 Construction Quality Problems
Construction quality problems are hollowing concrete floor, cracking, peeling, sand, kitchen, roof, leaking serious gap large windows and doors, sewer blockages, toilet and bathroom on the ground down slope, water, drip guide lines shifted and so the phenomenon, and some serious differential settlement building, or even individual buildings such as the overall collapse.

3 construction quality problems and analysis
3.1 Construction of reasons
3.1.1 the quality of construction is too low. Labor skills and low quality, do not follow the rules in order to operate, in particular, many are not professionally trained migrant workers into the construction industry, most of them belong to undocumented posts. The current statistics, migrant workers, contract workers accounting for 2 / 3, the construction site the workers directly engaged in the operation, 90% of all mobile nature of the migrant workers. the lack of professional and technical personnel, housing construction can not guarantee the normative construction.

3.1.2 During the construction process, failed to establish a sound quality control system. Processes and procedures, types and type of work there is no strict transition between the measures before the procedure left hidden, after the road construction process are not only not in time, or even deliberately concealed.

3.1.3 construction management chaos. The construction site finished and semi-cluttered, random damage, seriously affecting the overall quality of the project.

3.2 Material selection reasons
To save and invest as much as possible the pursuit of profits, use poor quality materials and equipment caused by quality problems is more common, the consequences are quite serious. Links to free download http://www.hi138. com 3.3 design reasons
Because the overall level design and technical personnel is not high, not fully take into account the actual situation, therefore, not reasonable to design work, creating a potential hazard to the building, such as: kitchen and bathroom design uses hollow floor, and not for water layer, down the water pipes through the floor without the casing caused by leakage, on the practice ground floor, precast hollow screed board first and then wipe the surface layer made according to the design and construction of ground and ceiling, most easily cracks.

3.4 Project cost is too low
The quality of housing projects and construction costs have a direct relationship, low cost, will increase the pressure and neglect the business of construction management, construction companies use cheap materials and parts, materials quality is not assured. Housing prices of investment projects should be strict control shall meet the requirements, appropriate and not blind down to save cost.

3.5 site supervision is not in place
Individual supervision of on-site project supervision unit supervision of quality control system is not perfect, staff qualifications, with a non-compliant, there is the phenomenon of undocumented posts supervisors, supervisors of materials, components, fittings, equipment or installation not in use for critical review of organization inspection lot, sub, quality inspection division works on the construction of the next working procedure.

4 construction quality control measures
4.1 program on developing the quality of governance
Targeted measures for the quality problems of governance, in stages, to focus on a project to control the same time the organization, coordination of technical, research efforts, public relations, seize the key to point, and to develop effective governance program.

4.2 to eliminate the lack of design quality problems arise
For the problem by improving the quality of engineering design should be to govern, while the design and construction personnel should prepare technical tests, listen to their views, to modify the design in the gaps, in order to design realistic and to avoid errors, the designer Not only should always go to the scene to participate in practice, and accumulated design experience, we must also learn about the acceptance and construction quality inspection and assessment criteria, the designer should consider the overall efficiency of investment property owners, if the design is thoughtful, even if difficult to reduce the cost of construction, but also can effectively reduce the quality problems, reduce maintenance costs after completion.

4.3 improve the overall quality of construction enterprises, improvement of construction process, improve the quality of awareness the overall quality of construction enterprises directly affect the quality of the projects and therefore improve the overall quality of construction, cast enterprises craftsmen.

4.4 active use of scientific and technological achievements, efforts to improve the technical level of construction quality control of construction and technical factors are closely related to quality of the project, should pay attention to new technologies, new processes of nature, applicability in the whole process of construction to meet the technical requirements of the process to establish , quality standards, operational procedures, establish a strict examination system, continuously improve and enhance the level of construction technology and process to ensure project quality.

4.5 focus on the good materials, quality products and equipment purchased materials, products in use, be in strict accordance with the provisions of quality inspection and testing, qualified before use. To establish a stable resource base and supply relationships, but also ensure the quality of the project improve economic efficiency, an important way to enhance competition in the market.

5 Conclusion
Hundred years, quality-oriented, the Housing construction related to the quality of people's daily lives and the lives and property while the construction works is a complex multi-types of co-operation, a number of cross-synthesis technology, the application process, including the familiar Mixed with the drawings, preparation of construction design began to arrange the construction process management, quality inspection, until completion of the construction of the entire process of acceptance of the technical work throughout the entire construction process, we must regulate, as the standard procedures, strict operation, scientific management. with a serious attitude control every aspect of good, in order to create more high-quality project.

References:
[1] Hong Shen Zhong; project quality control theory and practice of innovation and development [J]. The housing industry in 2009, 05 :73-75
[2] Mengxian Wang; on the economic effects of project quality supervision [J]. Quality of the project in 2003 04 :20-14.

[3] Zhou Honglan; ensure the quality of several key aspects [J]. China Quality and Technical Supervision, 2002 12: 34 Links to free download http://www.hi138.com