Urban village community governance analysis of the main object of factor analysis

Abstract: China's urbanization process, urban villages, large numbers, they not only from the traditional rural village communities to urban characteristics of transition, and the village community governance elements of the main characteristics and presents a wide range dual structure, governance showing the object complexity and uncertainty characteristic, therefore, need to strengthen governance of the main urban village community capacity building, community building scientific and rational management of the main structure and governance mechanisms, to clarify the object class urban village governance, clear responsibilities between urban and rural construction integrated urban community governance, promoting urbanization to achieve the transformation of urban villages.

Keywords: urban villages, community governance, subject, object, analysis

First, the urban character of the village and the transition
Traditional sense of the village is "rural villagers live and engage in a variety of production agglomerations", the population is relatively dispersed, with a clear homogeneous social structure is relatively simple, the main population of the agricultural population, the basic production activities are agricultural production. However, with the development of China's rapid urbanization, the gradual loss of some village or partial loss of the traditional villages of the basic features and functions, occupational differentiation, migration, changes in industrial structure, homogeneity is broken, the social structure is becoming more complex. based on urbanization that is, to non-agricultural population and agricultural changes in the population in an area (city, towns and cities in the process of this definition, I call this village (residents with house sites and private property rights, with no or a small amount of agricultural land with the village collective and the collective property, the second and third industry has replaced agriculture as the main industry, the village (residents have become all or part of the non-agricultural accounts, both large foreign population to stay in the village called urban villages from the general characteristics of the point of view, since China a vast, urban village in the regional environment, with social resources, management system, development model there is a huge difference, so that these village characteristics are different, difficult to categorize, but these villages there are many common features, such as public infrastructure, public services and social welfare and other public affairs management, are not yet fully incorporated into the city (town master plan, the collective economy, the collective assets, the unique "village of origin" system is still a certain range and distribution of benefits and social management process, still play an important role. the achievement of that moment neither fully urban village in a modern sense of the characteristics of urban communities, is not completely lost the element of the traditional characteristics of the village, showing the traditional villages to urban communities of transition characteristics.

Second, the urban village community in the process of governance elements of the main object of Analysis
Community governance is in a certain geographical area, "relying on government organizations, private organizations, social organizations and resident self-organizations and individuals, and other network systems to deal with public issues within the community together to achieve the completion and management of community and social affairs public service process. "urban village community governance system is different from the aggregation of the rural and urban community governance of subject and object, internal and external regulatory environment and other factors, including changes in each element will have a profound impact on system operation, especially is the main object elements.

(A) urban village community governance elements of the main characteristics of the dual structural characteristics and diversity
Growing urban villages in the main social governance, both political organizations, including for-profit organizations, nonprofit organizations and other social organizations. Community governance gradually form from the one yuan to the village (neighborhood committees, various social organizations professional community workers, community residents and other main co-existence of diverse architecture.

From a legal perspective, the party's grass-roots organizations have the power to the village (neighborhood committees to political leaders, various organizations within the community for overall coordination, the government agency under an obligation to the village (neighborhood guide for business to promote the building of community activities. village (neighborhood business to accept government guidance, mobilize and organize various community service-profit organizations and non-profit organizations and other social organizations and community-related products services, rich material and cultural life of community residents, community residents to enhance community identity, corporate governance, community affairs, and assist the Government to carry out related work.

From a practical perspective, the urban village communities, the local population co-exist with foreign populations, the coexistence of rural and urban populations, rural collective economic organizations and the co-existence of autonomous social organization, community management of the main elements of showing a clear urban-rural characteristics, communities include (Village neighborhood committees organized various social organizations, including growth retardation, maturity is not high, organizational and social mobilization are very weak, the professional community workers has not been fully constructed, the relative lack of social resources, in dealing with community transaction process, the objective existence of the party and the government with the authority, reliance on government financial and policy support, thus forming a "ruling party as the center of concentric circles like the center of an edge-based governance structure", highlights the primary party rule by the diverse communities in the central position of marginalized social organization, the coexistence of diverse community governance body, layered structural features.

(B) urban village community governance of the object complexity and uncertainty
Urban village community governance is the object of public affairs and public service community <<Constitution>> to confirm the village (neighborhood) committees function is to mediate civil disputes, help maintain public order, for public affairs, public service, reflecting the opinions of the masses required , suggestions, etc. <<City home method>> public affairs community recognized include: publicize the Constitution, Laws, regulations and policies, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of residents, education of the population to fulfill their obligations according to Law, protect public property, various forms of socialist spiritual civilization construction activities, carry out benefit the community service activities, set up the service industry. <<Murai Law>> Public Affairs also recognized the community include: managing the village belongs to village collectives of farmers land and other property, and guide the villagers rational use of natural resources, protect and improve the ecological environment, should respect and support the collective economic organization according to independent economic activity, safeguarding the family contracting business based, combines unified and separate two-tier management system, the protection of collective economic organization and villagers, household contract management, legal partnership or joint household property and other legitimate rights and interests, advocacy Constitution, Laws, regulations and national policy, education, and promote village fulfill their legal obligations, protect public property and safeguard the legitimate villagers interest in the development of cultural education, universal scientific knowledge, promoting gender equality, family planning work, from village to village to promote unity, mutual assistance, various forms of socialist spiritual civilization construction activities, support services, public welfare, mutual aid society organizations to carry out activities according to Law.

In transition urban village, as land, household, population, production, lifestyle, community organizations, administration and management of urban and rural characteristics, resulting in community governance encountered in the process of economic, cultural, social , space, environment and other aspects of social problems than the mature urban communities and traditional villages to large volume, complexity, higher, more difficult to solve. Some of the village is necessary to manage the land collectively owned village farmers and other property, and guide the villagers rational use of natural resources, protect and improve the ecological environment to support collective economic organization according to independent economic activity, safeguarding the rural farming system, is also responsible for land acquisition and resettlement, village planning, resettlement and related distribution of benefits, the protection of collective economic organizations and villagers, other operators of legitimate property rights and other legitimate rights and interests; necessary to fulfill its obligations under the Constitution, but also bring solutions to resolve the coexistence of two yuan for urban and rural areas, such as integration and other special issues. community governance is not only the object over a wide range, even more complex, and changes in nature, is not simply based on "City living law>> or <<Murai method>> to be defined only in accordance with the specific circumstances of each community camera definition. Share on free download http://www.hi138.com Third, subject and object elements to optimize community governance, community-building urban village
Contemporary urban-village community may refer to the lack of direct governance, drawing on the experience of building urban villages to meet the characteristics of standardized and effective governance regulation, coordination of interests and conflicts, urban village communities to achieve good governance, urban and rural areas must be "integrated" ideas, with reference to elements of urban community characteristics, the overall layout, plan, develop ideas, innovation system.

(A governance body to enhance community capacity, building the main structure of the scientific community governance and management structure
Fully understand the main types of responsibilities in the community and the role of governance, the establishment of rule by the main structure of multi-form cooperation mechanism includes scientific division of labor and the community (Village neighborhood of the axis, the grass-roots party organizations as the core, the other main participate in interactive new community governance of the main structure and governance structure.

First, to strengthen the party and government leadership, to cultivate and support the various social organizations within the community, rationalize collective economic organizations within the community and social organizations, administrative organizations and social organizations and social relations within the organization, clarity of structure and function, avoid the "absence", "Offside", "misplaced" and other cross-functional and dysfunctional behavior.

Second, to strengthen their management and supervision of social organizations, community organizations and gradually weakening the executive function, and enhance the community's executive branch administrative capacity, strengthening the autonomy of social organizations, social organizations raise the capacity for self, community building and rational governance structure, the establishment of social resources, power sharing, social obligations, responsibility-sharing mechanism, maintaining administrative organization within the community of equality and social organization to promote their coordinated development.

Third, break the collective land ownership as the core of the "village membership" system, giving the local population and foreign population in the community governance in the dominant position of equality, a range of community control subjects to participate in community governance, democracy, decision-making procedures and coordination mechanism to improve relevant policies, play village (neighborhood committees in the pivotal role of community governance, ensure that all social organizations and community residents in major affairs of the community in decision-making, governance, information, participation, expression and supervision, the institutionalization of community governance, democratization, and procedures.

(B to clarify the object of community governance attributes, build a community governance model urban-rural integration
Urban village community governance includes not only the original object of collective management of village affairs, the functions of government reform also stripped out the conversion process in the social management of village affairs and the process of urbanization, derived some of the new transaction, despite the complexity of the process of governance responsibilities ambiguous, but from nature or can be divided into several broad categories: economic work, administrative work, social work, other work community governance must be clarified in community affairs and public service category, based on the law defining the collective economic organizations, administrative organizations and village (neighborhood organizations and other community organizations in community affairs relationship between rights and responsibilities in the process of governance, uphold the idea of ​​urban-rural integration, to enhance the "city" of the goal to construct and improve community governance mechanisms and models.

First, the (village committees to strengthen their community organizations, various economic class business qualification examination, operation supervision, to create a good business environment, the coordination of economic organizations and economic organizations and community residents and the contradictions between the economic interests disputes according to the law with the village collective economic and land resources management as the basis, combined with the characteristics of urban village, village economic development master plan, using a variety of ways the collective management of land and assets, based on urban agriculture, collective economic organizations and the first industrial advantages, build sets of agricultural production, tourism, travel, leisure, joint development of three industrial economic structure, development of community economy.

Second, the grass will carry out its community leadership and support functions of the grassroots democracy, protection of community residents to participate in community governance of democratic rights. To be concerned in the affairs of the common interests of the community as the starting point, carry out a variety of publicity and education activities to enhance awareness of democracy and the rule of community residents, in accordance with procedures to attract community residents to participate in community governance, to stimulate their enthusiasm to develop political rationality, and improve exercise capacity for self- , become institutionalized, standardized procedures of community political life.

Third, strengthen the public cultural service system, expand the space for cultural activities, and cultural construction and cultural Huimin sharing mechanism, looking for unique cultural development position in the succession of villages on the basis of the fine traditional culture and promote the integration of urban and rural culture, to achieve cultural innovation, community spirit of the real nature of the community, through community cultural development activities to enhance community understanding and management of intersubjective understanding, enhance community identity, the formation of fine traditional cultural elements with the combination of rural, urban civilization and the spirit of the times reflects the core of the community spirit.

Fourth, people-oriented development philosophy, based on the current situation to the village planning and environmental management as the focal point for community public service as the core, the integration of social capital, overall planning and community public services, improve public services policy, to foster and support community economic organizations, nonprofit groups and other social organizations to encourage their participation in the construction of community public services, social responsibility, establish and improve the protection of community public service funding mechanism, the work of education and training mechanisms and comprehensive coordination mechanism, and gradually establish and improve the government-led, by civil society organizations and residents to participate in, and cover all the population diversified, multi-level community public service system to achieve the equalization of public services community.

References:
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2, LI Jin-hong. Harmonious community governance of the main political sociological analysis [EB / OL]. Http://community.jhun.edu.cn/list.asp?id=33 ,2007-07-03.

3, Ding bamboo. Community and community development: theory, practice and direction [EB / OL]. Http://www.sociology.cass.cn/pws/dingyuanzhu/grwj_dingyuanzhu/P020080930276816390457.pdf. Links to free download http : / / www.hi138.com