Explore the smart grid and communications requirements for power

Paper Keywords: smart electric grid power system communication
Abstract: Smart Grid is a new situation, the development trend of power. This paper describes the concept of smart grid, smart grid environment to discuss the communications requirements for electricity.


Into the new century, the global economy, social security, environment and energy supply are facing great challenges, severe climate change. Disasters, traditional energy has become tighter, the financial crisis on the national economy a huge hit, so in order to face environmental pollution stimulate domestic demand, boost the economy. the development of renewable energy sources, need to build smart grid in order to boost the power industry innovation, Technology transition, in order to protect national energy security and the promotion of sustainable development of society .2009 May, China's State Grid companies to speed up the construction of a strong intelligence network.

September 2009, the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) presented on the smart grid interoperability framework and standards roadmap, clearly promote the standardization of the eight priority areas for development, which is a very important aspect of network communication : required for all key areas of smart grid applications and operator of the network communication needs, implement and maintain appropriate security and access control measures which cover the field of private network and public electricity network in China, the smart grid, we must a solid foundation for Technology and capabilities, measurement and communication system is a very important aspect.


A smart grid concept

Smart grid is included, transmission, transformation and distribution, use, scheduling, and information and other aspects of power system for the object, and constantly develop new power control Technology, information Technology and management techniques, and organic collection, from a generation to the power of intelligent exchange of information for all aspects of the system to optimize power production, transmission and use of electric power enterprises to promote technology and effective integration of specific business. to make the smart grid construction process in the production and operation play an effective role, and ultimately to improve operational performance objectives.

Smart grid is not to show off new technology, but to a real solution to current problems. The power system, the smart grid has three distinct characteristics,

(1) self-healing.'s Running on the grid for continuous on-line self-assessment and preventive control measures, timely development, rapid diagnosis and elimination of hazards, failure occurs, there is no or a small amount of manual intervention to read fast isolation failure, self-healing, to avoid the occurrence of widespread power outages.


(2) interaction with the system is running wholesale and retail electricity market to achieve seamless connectivity, support for power trading effectively. To achieve the optimal allocation of resources, and better incentives through market transactions in the electricity market of the main network security management.


(3) strong. Firm is a smart grid security requirements, that each element of the smart grid should have to consider security requirements in the whole system should ensure a certain degree of integration and balance, both physical attack (explosion, weapons) or information attack (network computer) and smart grid have to cope with the anti-virtual out.


2 smart grid communication requirements for power

2.1 China's current status of electric power communication network
At present, China's electric power communication network based on fiber optic, microwave and satellite trunk circuits, each branch of the full use of power line carrier, cable and other special power unique to communication systems and the use of open wire, cable, wireless and other means of communication and PBX, switchboard and other equipment consisting of scheduling multi-user, multi-functional integrated communications network. With the development of optical communication technology, electric power communication network business from the original 64kbit / s gradual transition to a high rate of 2Mbit / s, 10Mbit / s, 100Mbiffs and over high-speed channel from the role of point of view, China's main electricity transmission network communication network, switching network, data network and network management network as four categories.


2.2 smart grid communication requirements for power
As China continues to develop smart grid construction, the system will substantially increase the node, the system will be more onerous task of scheduling on the grid scale, the whole process of monitoring, control, analysis, calculation will be dynamic, on-line direction.

(1) EMS System
EMS system's real-time data from the data collection and monitoring system SCADA.EMS information System (SIS) to provide real-time minute-level real-time data, such as: system frequency, the total output, SCADA real-time data can be considered the establishment of the factory by the side of the RTU terminal station acquisition, interface usually asynchronous data interface for Rs485 or Rs232, based on the amount of information required, the rate is generally 1200bit / s to 9600bit / s. Links to free download http://www.hi138.com (2) TMRS system
Conditions in the smart grid. In addition to electric energy metering system with conventional measurements, but also must have a cumulative storage and two-way sub-time measurement function, while the system also need to have the data automatically for electric energy acquisition, and remote storage, pre- , statistical analysis of the subsystem to support the future development of smart grid, new energy grid.

(3) SIS system
Instant Messaging System (SIS) was completed for the data processing system operation, construction, real-time information system mainly uses Internet technology to establish a secure Internet based on - the National Electric Power Data Network SPDnet for communications infrastructure, the community asked the open Internet ~ 2 Instant information systems due to the open information society, so do the security and safety must be isolated.

(4) demand-side management
Smart grid is a big change for the user to direct for a lot line with the end user, due to the volume of business with many nodes and small, early general public communication system using wireless transmission of information to achieve now, most mainstream technology uses the public network leased line GPRs or cDMA, in order to protect the user of the master.

(5) uniform time scale power system
Currently, both the electrical wave recording device or charging device needs to have a unified time scale information, so once the lack of a unified time scale information on the dynamic behavior of the whole network will lead to the lack of supervision this end, GPS technology to power system dynamic monitoring to provide the necessary material conditions, the letter synchronized clock system for all levels of the main station operator, sub-stations and power plants and provide a unified time-stamped base, including electric power system, including Earth's surface at any point can be sent to the satellite receiver accuracy of less than 1ps time pulse, and optical fiber communication system will collect aggregate measure of the substation after treatment, the dynamic between the substation can be obtained with volume changes, and accordingly the amount of control the implementation phase.


3 Conclusion

Building to the backbone grid of UHV power grid of a strong intelligence network, the size of China's clean energy development and efficient protection, full grid in the optimal allocation of resources, services, the role of the national economy, China's economic and social comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development is of great practical significance. smart grid into national economic and energy policy an important part.



References:
1 national grid. Key smart grid technology research framework .2009.6.

2 Xu Xiaohui Smart Grid Introduction [M]. Beijing: China Electric Power Press, 2009, Links to free download http://www.hi138.com