Evaluation system for analysis of low-carbon city

[Abstract] On the background of global warming, the governments and peoples of the measures taken to deal with two aspects: First, to adapt, the second is slow. To achieve the above two ways is to develop low-carbon cities, sustainable Development low-carbon path. low-carbon city evaluation index system, the process of urban Development can quantify the carbon emissions and help to identify the current status of urban Development issues and the gaps, to develop practical low-carbon city Development strategy .

[Key Words] low-carbon city, low-carbon economy; evaluation system

A carbon content of urban theory and the importance of the evaluation system of low-carbon city

Cities are national population and Economic gathering place, the city's carbon emissions of the world's carbon emissions 75 percent in low-carbon Economic Development play an important role of low-carbon urban construction, energy conservation and the development of low important carrier of carbon economy, is to solve the current global climate change is an urgent need, in the context of energy shortages to seek long-term development of the inevitable choice to lead the new trend of the future urban development.

1.1 low carbon content of urban theory
I believe that the low-carbon city is to a low carbon economy and direction for the development of models to low-carbon life the ideas and behavior to low-carbon society and a blueprint for building a specimen, by changing the "mass production, mass consumption and mass disposal" of social and Economic mode of operation, optimizing energy structure, energy conservation, recycling, minimizing greenhouse gas emissions, the establishment of resource-saving, environment-friendly society, building a healthy ecosystem for sustainable energy low-carbon city development can improve our city's Economic, resource and environmental efficiency, the city's Economic growth mode from extensive to intensive. city as the city's new low-carbon model of governance, not only can effectively solve the bottleneck problem of urban development and urban development brought new opportunities.

1.2 to establish the importance of the evaluation system of low-carbon city
Evaluation system for low-carbon city, low-carbon city is further theoretical research to practical application of spread among the low-carbon urban construction, planning and decision-making process an important stage, low-carbon city by the theory into practice the central part of First low-carbon city evaluation system to provide for the development of environment-friendly city direction of appropriate evaluation system is a low-carbon city government departments to develop a basis for planning and development. where the city planning department can determine its own advantages and shortcomings cities can be use of the advantages and need to focus on the existence of problems, strive to achieve the effect of each other. Secondly, the evaluation index system of low-carbon city will be transformed into low-carbon city abstract operation level indicators will help deepen their understanding and implementation of public sector implementation. indicators to quantify the concept of abstract and concrete, to avoid the distinction between qualitative or sequencing the ambiguity caused by the difficulties of evaluation. the public through specific indicators in-depth understanding of the content and its low carbon city with its own behavior of the contact; planning executives can also accurately determine the planning target system is performing.


2 low-carbon urban design evaluation system

In order to develop the city's low-carbon economy status to make proper evaluations, need to establish a rational design, simple operation, low-carbon city evaluation index system. Low-carbon city evaluation index system is a matter of economic development, environmental protection, social stability and other aspects harmonious and orderly development of the continuum. Require different sides at different levels to be fully described if the use of one or several indicators, it is difficult to achieve the desired results at the same time, also consider the time factor, because the process of urban development is the evaluation of low-carbon content one short, low-carbon city evaluation system can be economic, environmental and social development of the three coordinate systems provide a strong basis, according to data accessibility and economic development, low-carbon development and social development of the three systems understanding, this paper presents a low-carbon development as the core, as a means of economic development, social development based on evaluation index system of low-carbon city. The system, the highest index for the degree of comprehensive development of low-carbon city, a city used to evaluate the low-carbon economy The comprehensive level. It contains indicators of economic development, low-carbon development index and social development index.

2.1 Economic Development Index
Evaluation of the economic development index mainly reflected in the per capita GDP, per capita disposable income of urban residents and the consumer price index in three areas. ① per capita GDP: refers to the market prices of all resident units in a certain region period produced the final results of the per capita value of GDP index value greater, reflecting the region's economic development, the better, ② disposable income of urban residents: refer to each family member to be available for final consumption expenditure and Other non-compulsory expenditure and savings of the integrated, that each household member can be used for discretionary income. for residents more disposable income, reflecting the stronger spending power in the region, ③ the consumer price index: reflects a certain period of life of urban residents purchase prices of consumer goods and services price movements and the degree of relative number, can observe and analyze the index of retail prices of consumer goods and services price changes, the actual cost of living expenditure of urban residents in the degree of influence.

2.2 low-carbon development index
Such indicators are per capita carbon dioxide emissions, energy consumption elasticity, the green coverage and efficiency of four public transport operators: ① per capita carbon dioxide emissions: According to experts, statistics, 1 kg 2.493 kg of standard coal burning releases carbon dioxide according to the statistics , according to the city every year we can roughly estimate the energy consumption of carbon dioxide emissions, and then divided by the resident population, you can get per capita carbon dioxide emissions, ② elasticity of energy consumption: the energy consumption over the same period the average annual growth rate of the national economy and the ratio of the average annual growth rate, which is reflected in the growth rate of energy consumption and economic growth rate proportional relationship between the indicators, ③ green coverage: refers to all areas for green shrubs and perennial herbs of the vertical projection area and regional area ratio of plant carbon dioxide has a strong adsorption, the higher the green coverage of a region, its carbon sequestration capacity is stronger, ④ public transport operational efficiency: refers to the average of each public motor (electric) car year, passenger traffic has proved that public transport and private cars have some substitution effect, well-developed public transportation network can effectively reduce the frequency of use of private cars, thereby reducing urban road transport energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions.

Links to free download http://www.hi138.com 2.3 Social Development Index
Such indicators include the registered urban unemployment rate and the basic endowment insurance coverage two: ① the registered urban unemployment rate: refers to the number of urban unemployed and the number of total urban employment and urban unemployment ratio of the unemployment rate is lower, most people able to do live and work, this society will be more stable, on the contrary, high unemployment, will affect the harmonious development of society, ② the basic endowment insurance coverage: refers to urban enterprises and institutions to participate in pension insurance of workers accounted for the actual number of cities and towns proportion of the population it to a certain extent, reflect the urban social security coverage. the basic endowment insurance coverage more extensive, more people will feel a strong sense of security for society more stable.


3 measures to protect low-carbon analysis of urban development

Sustainable development in the city on the road, I believe that urban development should be closely integrated with the development of low-carbon economy, the development of low-carbon economy and building a low carbon future development of the city as the city's strategic direction, to effectively improve the city's capacity for sustainable development .

3.1 Construction of low-carbon industrial system, optimize the energy structure
The three major industry, secondary industry in the mechanical, chemical, manufacturing industry is energy-hungry, is the image called "three high industry", if not in these high energy-consuming industries in the implementation of low-carbon economy, technology, reduce their energy consumption and carbon emissions, the city will certainly affect the development of low-carbon economy, so I believe that should be in the "three high" in the implementation of low-carbon technologies, to help them complete the clean production examination, it is impossible for the transformation of the enterprise , suggested that it be ordered out of the tertiary service-based, running a lot of them do not consume fossil fuels, is considered to be low-carbon industries and should therefore be actively developed.

3.2 to develop low-carbon buildings, building low-carbon energy community
Building low-carbon energy is an integral part of urban construction in the ring, now a lot of new real estate varying degrees of low-carbon energy technologies, a developer of external packaging of the highlights, but specifically what kind of building is the real low-carbon building, its energy consumption, including what items, how much energy value should be, which at present there is no uniform standard, so I propose the relevant departments of the city as soon as practicable to develop energy efficiency standards for new buildings, and then promote them.

3.3 step up publicity efforts to promote low-carbon way of living
Build low-carbon city, requires community wide participation. Media should be great publicity, so deeply rooted awareness of energy conservation, we advocate a low-carbon consumption, and thus the formation of a low-carbon way of life in low-carbon consumption, should promote people to choose energy-efficient appliances, such as energy-saving lamps and energy-efficiency labeling two or more energy-efficient products certification mark of the air-conditioning, refrigerators, etc., to encourage people to buy low-emission cars, even electric cars in the way of life, should promote public in accordance with State the reasonable control of indoor air temperature standard, a reasonable guide for more people choose public transport, cycling and walking and other green way to travel through publicity campaign to make people conscious action, to start from scratch, to contribute to energy conservation.

References:
[1] DONG Qi, Feng Zhen. Low-carbon city concept in urban planning to guide analysis [J]. Urban Development, 2010 (8)
[2] Yuan Xiaoling, Zhongyun Yun of China's practice and system of low-carbon city to build [J]. Urban Development, 2010 (5)
[3] Chengya Ting, Zhang Jianmin. On low-carbon model of urban development [J]. Modern economy, 2010 (5).

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