Status of rural public goods \ Cause and Countermeasures

[Abstract] In recent years, although the total supply of public goods in rural areas has increased, but compared to cities, compared with the actual needs of rural areas, there is a considerable gap. The reason, mainly in rural public goods are not decision-making mechanism reasonable, lack of financial investment and the supply of a single model. In the future, we need to continuously improve the rural public goods supply system, and gradually create a wide range of rural public goods supply mechanism.

[Keywords] rural public goods, lack of analysis

1 Situation of China's rural public goods supply

1.1 less than the total supply of public goods in rural areas
In recent years, although the total supply of public goods in rural areas has increased, but compared to cities, compared with the actual needs of rural areas, there is a considerable gap. At present, China is still facing many rural areas, a serious shortage of infrastructure, public inequality and public welfare services, the shortage of other issues.

From the infrastructure point of view, as the "village" hardened road continued to promote the benefits of agricultural engineering and implementation, the farmers travel difficult problem has been resolved effectively, but the road leading between the villagers are mostly farmers or dirt, some roads in remote areas due to cost too much, it is difficult in the short term through road repair from the educational point of view, the current state of urban and rural compulsory education has been fully exempted from tuition and fees, and the children of poor families in rural areas to provide free books, accommodation, living security benefits, the rural compulsory education coverage has increased significantly. However, education in rural areas is still relatively backward infrastructure, primary and secondary school construction and purchase of teaching equipment in schools to be improved from the social security point of view, the growing popularity of health insurance in rural areas, rural old-age insurance, continue to promote China's rural social security system increasingly sophisticated, but because of China's rural social security system has just started, at this stage of the rural social security essentially remains a kind of family security model, security model function is more vulnerable, rural families trapped in poverty because of the cause of unemployment is very high. In general, China's current total supply of public goods in rural areas relative shortage of supply of public goods remains to be greatly improved.

1.2 structural imbalance of supply of public goods in rural areas
China's rural public goods supply system mainly based outside the system of public resource mobilization, financial system and the "top down" decision-making mechanism, which has been unable to meet the current requirements of the new rural construction.

First, the government or relevant authorities for the farmers to provide public goods, is not satisfied or expect farmers demand more government officials reflects the performance and image of rural sustainable development in much-needed public services such as education, health care and environmental protection in rural areas is a serious shortage, the effectiveness of public goods in rural areas greatly weakened.

Second, the long-standing "top down" decision-making mechanism leading to the supply outside the system does not reflect the real needs of rural residents. Many decision-makers in policy formulation does not adequately take into account the sentiments of public opinion, difficult for farmers to participate in specific decision-making process, even if the needs of farmers will be able to feedback to the decision-making, but the existing decision-making mechanism is not conducive to the needs of farmers into the reality of public goods.

Finally, the limited supply of public goods in rural areas faced with the problem of low supply efficiency. First, the supply of rural public goods funds had been embezzled, misappropriated and wasted such phenomena have occurred, for the construction of new countryside in the course of special funds, there are unreasonable irregularities in the office, and the second, the government provision of public goods in rural areas the middle part of more public funds by a layer of a layer of filtration, public goods are layers increases, the supply cost increases resulted in inefficiency; Third, the relative backwardness of rural Economic development will lead to public investment on Economic growth in rural areas the contribution rate below average, to bring supply efficiency is low.


2 Analysis

2.1 Rural public goods supply mechanism unreasonable
The direct beneficiaries of public goods in rural areas are farmers, Government departments should provide public goods production services for the farmers, on the contrary, many decision-makers hold the real power in the supply of public goods is not practical for farmers. Unreasonable decision-making mechanism deviates from the objective reality of life of farmers, simply incompetent decision-makers from the subjective, from their own, starting from the experience to make decisions, will inevitably lead to inefficient supply of public goods in rural areas. In addition, decision-making of public goods in rural areas also face the right thing more than a small dilemma, even if local governments want to solve the immediate problem for farmers, rural development and construction to provide much-needed public goods, but are often limited in their power is powerless. Higher levels of government direct lower levels of government work arrangements, on the lower levels of government responsible for, it is difficult taking into account the vital interests of farmers, which is our current "top down" type of administrative system pressure caused.

2.2 Rural fiscal revenue is limited, inadequate investment in public goods
January 1, 2006, abolished agricultural provinces in China can be said that the rural tax reform to reduce the burden on farmers, safeguarding the interests of farmers, is conducive to building a harmonious socialist society at the same time, the township fiscal revenues difficult to follow. agricultural tax in rural areas the main source of revenue, after the removal of rural revenue will shrink dramatically, although the central, provincial and municipal fiscal transfer payments to rural areas will maintain public services in rural areas, but these sectors the capacity is limited. and the improvement of public services also need to continue the substantial financial support from all levels of government share the support of rural public goods are not able to fully meet the needs of rural public goods and therefore shared by all levels of the transfer assessed payment solution is not a permanent solution to maintain public services should primarily rely on local government's financial investment when fiscal revenue is limited, local governments often give priority to Economic development and reduce investment in public goods, which also increase farmers' income, strengthening the financial base necessary requirement.

Links to free download http://www.hi138.com 2.3 model of a single supply of public goods in rural areas
The current supply of public goods in rural areas mainly from the government's financial support, but that does not mean that the supply of public goods in rural areas and to co-ordinate all arranged by the government, after all expenditures for the limited supply of public goods in rural areas, is not able to meet all demand in addition to the government to provide basic public goods, the farmers growing demand for public goods need to find additional funds to meet, however, rely on the collective economy of public goods raise funds only for a small number of developed rural areas, use of social resources to seek bank loans and set up township enterprises in rural areas for most is just a concept can only be the end, or to rely on state financial support, which is the status of rural Economic development by the determined, suddenly difficult to change.


3 Suggestions

3.1 to develop the rural economy to diversify the supply mode
Relying solely on government supply has been unable to adapt to the social development needs in rural areas, farmers are far from able to meet the demand for public goods by building a diversified supply of public goods in rural areas, it can be to a certain extent, ease the financial pressure . and from the countryside, from the farmer's point of view to provide some of the more effective, more useful public goods, but also to reflect the true wishes of the farmers of course, build a diversified supply of public goods in rural areas and it takes time, the most important thing is development of rural economy and improve farmers 'income. On the one hand, to take full advantage of the benefits of agricultural state agriculture policy, to seize the development opportunities, combined with the local conditions, the development of specialized agriculture on the other hand, should continue to increase farmers' training, through the new agricultural technology, the introduction and promotion of new varieties, and effectively improve the farmers' planting and breeding technology.

3.2 The establishment of rural public goods "bottom up" decision-making mechanism
In order to improve the efficiency of the supply of public goods in rural areas, to prevent the supply of public goods and the actual needs of farmers out of line, you must re-establish the supply of public goods in rural areas of decision-making mechanism, in order to achieve the peasants real and urgent needs of the expression of public goods. "Bottom- on the "decision-making mechanisms is not only the needs of rural Economic development, democracy building new socialist countryside is also a requirement of rural public goods in the decision-making process need to continuously upgrade the level of participation of farmers in public decision-making, step by step system of village autonomy, the rural Internal farmers to make decisions based on actual demand, rather than the wishes of the government departments and external executive order established. the only way to ensure the supply of public goods in rural areas from the public service in rural areas, thanks to the farmers.

3.3 improve the supply of public goods in rural areas of oversight mechanisms and evaluation mechanisms
Rural public goods in the new decision-making mechanism and gradually build, it is also necessary to establish scientific and reasonable evaluation criteria, an open and transparent mode of operation, follow the fair, just and open manner, to further improve the supply of public goods, making the monitoring mechanism to reduce the rural public Products of special funds had been appropriated, embezzlement and other phenomena occur, thus ensuring the supply of public goods in rural areas and sustainable development of a virtuous circle, if relying solely on the establishment of a new decision-making mechanism and there is no effective supervision and evaluation mechanism, then the supply of public goods will be the decision-making efforts to implement greatly reduced, with decision-making, implementation and supervision and restraint is not easy to breed corruption.

In short, the social status of the supply of public goods for China's agricultural development, the construction of socialist new countryside plays an important role in the future, we need to continuously improve the rural public goods supply system, and gradually create a wide range of rural public goods supply mechanism. References:
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[3] Yang Shaojun. On the new rural construction in the context of rural public goods [J]. Macroeconomics, 2010 (2) :7-8
[4] Liu The new rural development perspective of the supply of public goods Research [J]. Economic Research Guide, 2010 (3) :25-26
[5] Zhu Huijun, Hu Zheng Lin the new rural construction in rural public goods mechanism innovation [J]. Coastal business and technology, 2009 (11) :12-15

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