On the shopping malls of fire safety management strategy _ paper to write network

Papers to write net: [Abstract] This paper analyzes the shopping malls of the status of fire safety management, and based on theoretical study and practical work experience of a large shopping center fire safety management focus, summed up the shopping malls of fire safety management strategy.

[Keywords:] shopping malls status of safety management of fire safety management strategies focus on security

With the rapid economic development, China's shopping malls have sprung up rapidly, an increasing number of large and growing shopping great to meet people's material and cultural needs, but, for various reasons, major shopping malls in fire safety management, there are still some problems, leading to large shopping malls in operation during the frequent fires not only caused great damage to property, but also a serious threat to people's lives, so strengthening the shopping malls of fire safety management imperative, is the mall management priority this paper first analyzes China's large shopping malls in the fire safety management in a number of problems based on the large mall security management focus, and thus to the shopping malls fire safety management strategy to make relevant recommendations.

A large shopping malls in the status of fire safety management
1 building fire safety design does not meet national Technology standards
Many large shopping malls in the original building on the basis of conversion or extension of the alteration or extension, there is no strict enforcement of existing national technical standards for construction, can not achieve the <<building fire protection design>> and <<Design of Tall Buildings Fire Safety Code>> and other related technical standards, often in site selection, construction materials, fire separation, fire access, fire district, security, evacuation, emergency lighting and other aspects of the design there is a problem, for example: Some mall security exports small and the width is not enough, poor evacuation routes, and shopping malls are often people are more intensive, in the event of fire, it is relatively easy due to timely evacuation is not caused major casualties, builders of one-sided pursuit of profit, not a lot of use specification of building materials, or modifications to the renovation, the increase in overload any electrical equipment, which greatly increases the fire load, to the left of the risks of fire safety management.

2 did not carry out proper fire protection facilities maintenance and management
Although many large shopping malls have security set up according to national engineering and construction standards of the relevant building fire safety facilities, such as: fire hydrant system, automatic fire alarm system, emergency broadcast system, automatic sprinkler systems and smoke control system, etc., but not of these systems properly unified management, not to achieve coordinated control, so that the operation of these systems with collaboration at its best, can not let them play in the event of fire, the best effect. and some malls to set a fire hydrant and fire extinguisher system, and no automatic fire alarm system, automatic sprinkler systems and smoke control system of these building fire, resulted in the timely detection of a fire, resulting in the expansion can not control the fire.

3 does not implement the responsibility system for fire safety, fire inspection personnel limited their ability level
Some large shopping malls in the operator fails to properly handle and fire safety management of the relationship between the importance of fire safety is not enough, the blind pursuit of economic benefits, chances for fire support, lack of necessary investment in the fire, nor establish the appropriate fire safety management system and fire evacuation plans and other systems, although some shopping or to develop the relevant rules and regulations, but careful monitoring carried out, or does not match the theory and practice related systems, not feasible, so that the relevant rules and regulations exist in name only.

In addition, some mall fire supervisors have limited their ability level, not fire safety management of large-scale shopping centers overall grasp of the work, only rigid fire hazards in accordance with the standard system can conduct a serious investigation Xikou, to supervise the rectification, but soft fire hazards such as: fire safety awareness among staff, evacuation plans, etc. can not see the truth behind the harm caused by lack of awareness, so as to lay a fire hazard.

4 mall employees and public awareness of fire is weak, the lack of fire from the basic knowledge and skills in demand
Some staff or consumers shopping at the mall and some other irregularities with the smoking behavior of the fire, but also likely to lead to fires.

Second, explore the shopping malls the focus of fire safety management
Fire safety management work can be carried from the following key management
1 evacuation of personnel
When a fire occurs, the first consideration is the most important is people's lives, so we must ensure that all personnel in the shortest time, the most efficient from the scene of the fire, to reduce casualties.

(2) the choice of construction materials, decoration
Many shopping malls child blind pursuit of comfort, luxury and home <<building interior fire protection design>> expense, in the decoration of large quantities of flammable materials will be decorating decoration, for example, a large number of lumber, plywood, fiberboard, carpet, the textiles and decorative objects for the floors, walls, ceiling and partitions, and greatly enhance the fire load, leading to a fire occurs, not only the giant burning strong, the fire spread quickly, more easily form a solid burned, but also because of burning The release of large amounts of poison gas, resulting in large numbers because of poisoning or suffocation. Thus substandard decoration materials not only prone to fire, and fire dangers caused when large, this is the fire safety management a focus.

3 electrical wiring and equipment installation
Shopping malls electrical equipment used in the type and quantity are more, and many are high-power electrical equipment, which will inevitably lead to large amount of electricity at this time, if the electrical lines or electrical equipment, improper installation, for example: heating appliances installed close to combustible material in the sandwich or the ceiling line is not used to wear flame-retardant pipe aluminum wire; safety device, switch installation does not meet requirements; Luanla random access electrical wiring and electrical equipment, resulting in the formation of short circuit overload, etc. These are very prone to fires, conducting fire safety work must be given focus.

4 shopping malls, fire management
Large shopping malls such as fixed fire place kitchen, boiler room, etc., if liquid, gas leakage or improper use of fire is more likely to cause fires, the use of fire in the maintenance or construction welding, gas cutting operation when the procedures are also disturbed cause fire, they use candles, gas lamps for lighting, etc., associated with smoking and people throw cigarette butts and Stick and so easy to fire. Therefore, the use of fire management is a key shopping malls fire management
5 fire-fighting facilities and management of investment
When a fire occurs, to discover, as soon as possible extinguished, thus reducing the damage caused by fire, the fire at this time would strengthen the investment and management facilities, including building fire fire fire facilities and public facilities in two parts. Although many new shopping malls on the relevant fire facilities are willing to invest, but lack of management of these fire facilities, lack of appropriate maintenance, fire protection system can not play the best effect, but over time will lose some or fire-fighting system All functions in the event of fire, the regret, so fire safety management is a long term, although it can not bring direct benefits, but in the event of a fire, it brings the benefits of any investment can not be compared, therefore, related companies took too long to put some of the eyes, enhance the investment in and maintenance of fire facilities.

Third, the large shopping malls in fire safety management strategies
According to the current status of China's large-scale shopping center management and management point, the author combines practical work experience, major shopping malls fire safety management strategy to propose the following
1 strict design review and building construction and interior decoration fire engineering design review
Interior architectural design and construction engineering design review, fire safety management of the first line of defense. According to the <<Fire Control Law>> states: Any new construction, expansion, renovation and other changes in the nature of the building used for interior construction, construction unit should be fire-related design drawings and related data to the local fire authorities for review, been vetted and approved before construction, completion and should be passed after the fire agencies Yanshou to put into use, shopping malls and other public gathering places in the opening, should be declared to the local fire agencies, the fire safety inspection and approval, before the opening. Er-related audit staff from the following aspects of the architectural design review: (1 building structure, function and fire resistance, (2 fire partitions, secure channel and evacuation, and (3 fire doors, staircases, (4 fire water supply, alarm system , automatic sprinkler systems, exhaust systems and automatic fire-fighting facilities.

Especially the sub-structure fire, safety and evacuation through, fire facilities, construction of the trial proceedings must be strictly in accordance with relevant national standards for review, from hardware to the mall security system is guaranteed.

(2) do a good job on the electrical design and construction of the fire review
Large shopping malls in the electrical engineering design and construction is important to comply with the relevant national standards, designed to prevent undocumented or no design and construction of the phenomenon. Electrical works are sure to meet the national fire safety management of the relevant provisions prohibited without a license for construction Electrical engineering installation and construction, the selection of electronic products should try to choose high-quality, non-select out of the product when put into use electrical wiring, electrical wiring should be on a regular basis and related electrical equipment repair and maintenance, if overload, fever, leakage and abnormal, should promptly identify the cause and timely repair or replacement, and thus in prevention in the unburned With the socio-economic development and people's demands to improve quality of life, later there will be more electrical equipment into the use and sale of shopping malls, so the correction in the market for regular maintenance, in order to meet the needs of long-term development, electrical design should be selected conductor cross-section in the electrical construction should be strictly in compliance with relevant standards, good connections, high-power lamps fire prevention, protection circuit insulation to prevent the neutral line breaks, etc., in order to reduce security risks.

Links to free download http://www.hi138.com 3. Establish and improve fire safety system, to fulfill the fire safety responsibility.

Large shopping centers should be based on relevant national fire safety requirements, and the actual situation, establish and improve the fire safety management system, such as: fire safety procedures, fire safety education and training system, fire safety inspections, inspection systems, security, evacuation facilities management system Fire control room duty system, fire facilities, equipment maintenance management system, fire safety hazards rectification system, the use of fire, electrical safety management system, etc., through the establishment of these systems, so that the upper and lower units to form a sound fire safety system. In order to ensure implement these systems can be implemented fire safety responsibility. the legal representative of a large shopping mall is responsible for fire safety, overall responsibility for fire safety. shopping malls should be gradual penetration of a fire safety responsibilities, clear fire safety at all levels and job responsibilities, and determine the levels and all positions responsible for fire safety can also be determined based on the actual needs of the fire safety manager. Fire safety manager for the shopping malls all people responsible for fire safety responsibilities, conduct and organize the implementation of fire safety management. Fire safety manager should regularly report to the mall fire safety fire safety responsibilities who will be involved in fire safety The major issues in a timely manner to reflect the persons responsible for fire safety.

4 large shopping malls for construction of fire safety procedures should be strictly enforced
Fire safety procedures to avoid possible accidents, is used to guide the daily work of the guidelines, many are by the relevant fire caused by illegal operations, so as to reduce fire safety risks, some large shopping malls in the construction several provisions to strictly enforce the following:
(1) pre-construction must develop a detailed plan to be a clear scope and timing of construction and fire safety requirements through the mall is responsible for the approval before construction. Mall during business hours, should be prohibited for welding, painting, etc. with more construction of a large fire risk

.

(2 construction teams and all of the construction workers should be certificates, but also arrange the construction site experience with fire personnel monitoring, and to be equipped with appropriate fire-fighting facilities.

(3 Yan Gean construction process to operate according to procedures, the construction also need to comply with fire safety under the premise can be.

(4 required the use of fire when the construction, the construction units and the use of units should discuss and take appropriate measures to use area fire separation.

(5 after the end of construction and into the on-site to flammable, combustible materials to clean up, and sent checks to prevent fire caused by fire left.

5 large shopping mall should be a daily regular fire safety inspections of
Inspections to determine the inspection staff to inspect the contents, site inspections and the frequency of inspections, including inspections, use of fire, whether there is violation of power, safety exits, evacuation routes have not been occupied or blocked, evacuation diagram, emergency lighting system is normal, fire, fire safety signs are in place, intact, is normally closed fire door is closed, the fire shutter is stacked articles under the impact of the use of fire safety were key parts of the security responsibilities are in the post and other related situation.

Large shopping centers during business hours should be at least once every two hours for fire safety inspections of shopping malls, business end of the business site should also be checked and found that the fire should be left promptly removed.

Fire inspection staff of violations should be promptly corrected, and properly dispose of fire hazard, when the spot for no treatment, shall promptly report to the relevant department, found that since the beginning of the fire should call the police and organized fighting.

6 implementation and maintenance of fire facilities maintenance
Large shopping centers should be based on the maintenance building fire inspection regulations, to find a professional fire-fighting facilities maintenance unit for repair and maintenance. And comply with relevant provisions of the regular shopping facilities within the fully automatic fire detection, fire-fighting facilities in order to ensure good condition. It should also be in accordance with relevant provisions of the regular fire extinguisher maintenance and maintenance checks.

7. Make fire safety education and staff training to improve staff awareness of fire safety and skills
Fire safety education for employees of large shopping malls and training for fire safety management of an important foundation. Promotion of employees through education and training, to improve the legal concept of fire staff and fire safety awareness, enhance the shopping malls for the anti-fire ability to have an important significance in recent years, due to violation of rules and illegal use of electricity, fire, gas caused the fire accidents are increasing, after the fire escape due to lack of self-help knowledge and skills to escape and death to blind disabled events are not uncommon. These incidents are seen shopping for publicity and education of staff and lack of training and the importance and urgency of many fires, could be extinguished in the early stages of, or to take effective measures and timely organization-related shopping guide staff rapid evacuation, in order to avoid large memory in personal injury and property damage, but because of fire safety staff person in charge of the fire and commercial awareness is relatively weak and lack the necessary fire safety knowledge, thereby increasing the fire hazard posed. Therefore, a large shopping mall to strictly implement the fire safety management, through a variety of ways to regular staff training in fire safety publicity and education, at least once every six months for staff fire safety training, public education and related training should address: the fire regulations, fire safety management system shopping, security fire safety rules, shopping malls, and the positions of the focus of fire prevention and preventive measures, the performance of various types of fire-fighting facilities and use, reported the fire, extinguish the fire early and escape from the knowledge of self defense and skills, organization, shopping guide and timely evacuation of people the knowledge and skills.

Meanwhile, large shopping malls during business hours, but also to fulfill the customer knowledge of fire safety awareness training obligations by posting pictures, radio, closed circuit television, to the public about fire prevention, fire fighting, evacuation and escape such common sense to evacuate the mall plans and evacuation routes.

8. To strengthen supervision and Law enforcement
Fire agencies to increase oversight on large shopping spot checks found that when the fire hazards, according to the Law issued "shall order rectification notice>> and due for review, do not change the date to be punished according to Law, while the existence of major fire hazards of shopping malls, according to the Law promptly issued a <<a major fire hazard rectification notice>>, do not change the date to be determined according to the law of the period to cease treatment.

Conclusion: large shopping malls in fire safety management has been the focus of supervision and management of fire, in order to further enhance the fire safety management of shopping centers, in addition to government agencies should strengthen the supervision of fire safety in shopping malls force, the mall also must improve their own fire defense capabilities in the architectural design of structures, facilities, hardware, and fire staff fire awareness and fire safety skills while strengthening both the software to increase the level of the mall prevention, effective prevention of large-scale, vicious fire accident.

References:
[1] Sun Zhuoying: On the shopping malls of fire risk and fire safety management strategies [J]. Western China Science and Technology, 2008 (19)
[2] Ying Zhou: An Analysis of the fire safety of shopping market analysis [J]. CAST Forum (second half). 2008 (12)
[3] Liu Haitao: An Analysis of large shopping malls fire safety fire prevention measures [J]. Western China Science and Technology, 2008 (36)
[4] Lin Fax: shopping malls, supermarkets, fire hazard and countermeasures [J]. Fire Technology and Products, 2008, (05)
[5] Guifang Li Hongwei Wang: Modern shopping malls fire hazards and fire safety measures of the study [J]. Fire Science and Technology .2005 (S1)
[6] Yuan-hui: shopping malls electrical fire causes and prevention [J]. Heilongjiang Science and Technology Information. 2010 (14)

Links to free download http://www.hi138.com