On the traditional culture reflected in primary education

Paper Keywords: traditional culture, primary Education, curriculum, learning objectives
Abstract: This paper from Japan primary Education curriculum, learning content, to achieve other aspects, of which embodied the traditional culture and Education, and ultimately to see the problems of China's primary and secondary Education, made a tradition of strengthening and improving primary and secondary schools The importance of culture and Education.

From ancient times, regardless of human evolution to date, and to what extent the Development of material civilization, education must be combined with the traditional culture in order to train qualified, able-bodied people, our education should be the first to teach a man, then is Zuo knowledge.


First, Japan's traditional culture with a combination of primary education
(A) primary education in Japan
Japan has a long history of primary education .15 centuries ago in Japan, the temple of the nobility or the warrior bear the social and ethical education of children from around the 16th century, with commercial Development, there has to teach the children of wealthy businessman reading, write, count educational facilities, which is later "private school" .1868 years after the Meiji Restoration, Japan has been attached to primary education in government incentives, the 1875, Japan established throughout the country 25,000 primary schools (the number equivalent of today's Japanese school number) in World War II, Japan began six years of elementary, junior high school three years of compulsory education system. "cultivation of the national", which is Japan's modern primary goals of education.

(B) Curriculum
Japanese elementary school curriculum by the academic, moral education, special events, three parts, covering almost all the students in school activities. Education curriculum in accordance with careful planning, such as weekly class schedule, curriculum and so on in an orderly manner. A variety of routine activities In the school year on the day of pre-planned arrangement to form a system. the various disciplines, including Mandarin, social, arithmetic, science, life, music, pictures work, family, sports, ethics, special events. In short, Japan's new curriculum, in develop children's own learning, the ability to think on their own, in the Development of the child's personality, the characteristics of education in building, has a new feature on the school improvement.

(C) a manifestation of traditional culture
1, and moral education
"Moral time" is unique to a Japanese school moral education curriculum, the main teaching of conduct, ethics, morality and truth in life quality from the first grade has been open to junior high school, primary and secondary education is part of the contents of the three one of these courses to classroom teaching, the use of lectures, discussion of reading, communication, audio-visual, role-playing and practical training such as teaching methods, to play in the moral education the main channel.

Japanese schools teaching various subjects also assume the moral task of education. Mandarin Branch to develop the language of real feeling and respect for Mandarin attitude, literary material but also mining and moral educational value. Mathematics and science subjects through inductive reasoning, mathematical ability, a scientific and rational attitude to life, improve their moral judgments. music and pictures section, while students appreciate the beauty and the creation of the U.S. sentiments on the other hand, artists indomitable fighting spirit and life, the pursuit of art, will cause students to respect and imitation, play a much larger than the abstract preaching of moral force, so the teaching of various subjects have been noted depending on the characteristics of teaching contents, conscious for Moral Education, comprehensive education to play a role.

2, the collective consciousness and foster the spirit of unity and cooperation
"Special activities" The purpose, content, form similar to our second class or extra-curricular activities, school education in a relatively independent areas, such as primary and special events include: student activities, the school's routine activities, class instruction; special school activities: extracurricular study rooms, students activities, club activities, school routine activities. The aim is to promote student awareness of the formation and Development of collective social consciousness, to develop independent creative ability, self-expression ability, personality Development.

3, culture
Through wrestling, judo, kendo and other internationally renowned traditional sports activities, there is a conscious student competition, scraps, fearless spirit of death In addition to the students in calligraphy, tea ceremony, flower arrangement, sculpture, classical music, symphony, etc. traditional art, the influence of classical culture, students conscientious and careful, coordinated, good moral character and improve the level of morality.

As can be seen from the above, the contents of primary education in Japan is holistic and serialization, and they both strong unity, there is an obvious hierarchy, eventually establishing a large moral social education system. Great moral concept is school education is expanded to include school, family, social and moral education in general, including the Japanese Ministry of Education that in the past over-reliance on school education, resulting in family and social educational function decreased significantly from the educational point of view, than the school of social education education more widely, it is not only responsible for life-long education project for adults in the task of moral education, but also with the schools to strengthen the moral education of students in school. for primary and secondary students are required to develop good habits and positive efforts to the pursuit of progress , honesty, courage, sense of responsibility and other basic qualities. Links to free download http://www.hi138.com

Second, China's primary education
Although China's increasing emphasis on traditional culture and education, continue to use administrative means to promote the creation of primary and secondary education in the curriculum of traditional culture, but the layers of academic pressure facing schools, students and parents to learn more emphasis on cultural studies below only Changchun The focus of a week of school curriculum to do instructions.

A total of 40 hours one week, morning, afternoon, four classes, which are closely related with the small rise in early Mathematics courses 8 hours, 10 hours of language, English, 6 hours, but also includes 2 hours of sports, music, 2 hours, raw materials (moral and Life) 2 hours, 2 hours of mental health, safety 1 hours, 2 hours of art, science and 2 hours, weekly hours of sports activities there are two time All courses are based on theory about the school to the teacher's attention on the different courses completely different level.

It is worth mentioning in the lower grades of the schools require students to memorize the <<Three Character Classic>> mainly for the purpose of literacy is undeniable, "Three Character Classic>> is a good starting materials, it is UNESCO a recommendation to the children around the world teaching elementary education in the learning process is not a simple read, but the content inside the concrete, compiled action, demonstrations by teachers, students follow the methods of learning for children in literacy based on the master one of the ethics initiative to rein in their behavior, the formation of good habits, proper adjustment, physical and mental health can live there own goals, ideals, courage, practical to dry in the end will. emphasis on self- spirit, independent thinking, sense of responsibility. the development of personality, in order to enrich life.


III Summary
In Japan the primary curriculum focus more on the students hands-on work, collectivism, including the ability to participate in household chores as work, the students assign their own lunch, etc. held in various schools in the communities, consideration of people invited to join, let the children have the opportunity to engage with the local community while the school to expand the range of children's education, for example, to guide students to participate in volunteer activities, or Report will be held so as to promote mutual communication and respect for human rights and foster children, caring for other people's minds. School started a month-morning run, requiring every student in the playground wearing shorts and shirt on a single run, the school has done a very detailed, requiring the parents to measure the boy's body temperature every morning, whether agreed to let the children today morning run, foster children from an early age freezing cold.

China released in 2006 <<national "Eleventh Five-Year" during the Cultural Development Plan "states:" pay attention to Chinese traditional culture and traditions of classical education, art heritage in the conditions of primary schools, calligraphy, painting, traditional crafts, etc. courses, language courses in secondary schools due to increase in a classic essay, poetry, the proportion of primary and secondary subjects of the curriculum must be combined with features integrated into the content of Chinese traditional culture. "when state policy is clear, the next task is how to primary and secondary schools with the implementation of the traditional culture and education and early this year by the Ministry of Education initiated the opera into the classroom activities have been tried in 22 schools in the country up. Minister of Education Zhou Ji said the opera into the schools is to strengthen the traditional culture and education.

Promote education, economic development, progress, in turn, progress in education to better serve the economic development of traditional culture and education is a profound system, each school can develop independently of school-based curriculum based on traditional culture, can also be
Set up a variety of traditional culture course our goal is the development of material civilization, while promoting quality education, strengthening of traditional Chinese culture, education, and ultimately to develop moral, physical and mental health of qualified personnel.


References:
Qu Baokui editor <<Japan's Educational Reform>> People's Education Press, October 1990, the first edition of Links to free download http://www.hi138.com