Analysis from Saussure and Sapir language watch the language

Paper Keywords: Language development in view of the nature of

Abstract: Ferdinand de Saussure is the key founder of modern linguistics, structuralism, one of the pioneers. ED, Sapir was one of the founders of American linguistics this paper to its language concept elaborated and based on two different cognitive view of language, its view of language to make the contributions and limitations of test analysis and put forward their own understanding of the nature of language and understanding.


Ferdinand de Saussure (Ferdiand de sausure ,1857-1913), is an important founder of modern linguistics, structuralism, one of the pioneers, was later known as the father of modern linguistics. << General Linguistics>> is the masterpiece of the later linguistic research had a profound impact. ED, Sapir (Sapir, Edward, 1884 ~ 1939) is one of the founders of American linguistics its academic activities related to linguistics, anthropology and other humanities disciplines, especially in the "language and thought," this important issue to the famous "Sapir a Wolf" hypothesis known its representatives as <<language theory. "Saussure The impact of academic theories, the formation of three major schools of structuralism, while Sapir was a pioneer among U.S. describing the school, one of two masters in linguistics, the concept has similar language in common, but they have their own research focus, to establish their own view of language.

The 19th century was the heyday of historical comparative linguistics, Ferdinand de Saussure large corpus from the trivial to get out, committed to the language of the inner reality, their view of language as a symbolic concept is an important pillar of the relationship between the symbols and characteristics to understand the language nature, as the language of the basic method, which is his main language concept we call "structuralist view of language." on <<General Linguistics>> in the language as Saussure a system, a whole language community members must comply with the norms. This system consists of vocabulary, grammar and speech constitute the interrelated components and this system around the composition of the formation of combinations between different components can be replaced with the composition of the formed between the areas of aggregation. Saussure that language is symbolic nature of the relationship rather than by physical presence.

Saussure's linguistic ideas with the times, through his interpretation of the language system provides a new way to grasp the world, this is the structuralist methods and principles from the structuralist point of view, the world is from a variety of relationships is not composed of things, the essence of a factor is meaningless by itself, its meaning is established by its context and other factors that determine the relationship between the. Saussure established the study of linguistics - location of language, that language is a social psychological phenomenon of the symbol system.

For Saussure the limitations of the theory, we should have a scientific attitude. First, as a single perspective, the theory can not cover all the phenomena and the study of the nature of Saussure's linguistic theory in the whole language method has taken on the first one of the principles, reveals the profoundly symbolic nature of the structure of language at the same time, will naturally give up other research perspective, such as the individual elements of the language concerns, and the fact that language is dynamic rather than static, rather than the relatively open absolutely closed system on the other hand the limitations of Saussure's theory is the theoretical goal of the limitations of the research on language and the language, but gave up the search for the nature of language there, stop at the state's grasp of language, to give up because interpretation.

Linguistics in the United States traditionally has close ties with Europe, emphasis on the realistic description of the language. This feature makes the United States, also known as structural linguistics linguistics. Sapir language from an anthropological point of view of the nature of insights made in the <<language theory "Foreword, he said:" The main aim is to describe what language is, how it variation with the time and place, it concerns the fundamental human relationship issues how, such as thinking the problem, the nature of history, race, culture and art. "Sapir to the language is defined as" language is purely artificial, non-instinctive, with the consciously created by the system of symbols to convey ideas, emotions and desires of the way. "Sapir said: language is the product of a common culture of society, is a cultural function of language is a symbol system, is used to express people's cognitive, emotional medium. Sapir different in the general opinion is to highlight the function of language and culture.

Sapir is the language as a cultural function, a system of signs, the former on his attention to the social nature of language, which shows him with Saussure's view on the language system coincide. He said the previous language is a communicative tool is a system of symbols and language are two views blend.

Sapir long-term study of linguistics and ethnology issues, attention to language and culture and thinking of the contact, he believes that "the real world to a large extent unconsciously built on the language habits of the people", the expression of different languages way would be the same objective world, the different analysis and interpretation. and that "the language of human impact on the formation of real-world concept of the system," this vision, by his disciples Wolf's development, creating a "Sapir a Wolf "assumption. This theory caused a related controversy. Some people think that this is an extreme point of view, the language model determines the people's way of thinking, language, structure determines people's world view, which the human cognitive process reversed. Click here to view a language that people can not learn another language, or speak a different language people can not coordinate their actions, and that the truth. Links to free download http://www.hi138.com
Saussure in the history of comparative linguistics, based on another way, the overall system point of view the study of language, Saussure, Sapir and the same point of view of language both, has its own development in addition to structural linguistics, the language academic schools of colorful, such as the Geneva school, functionalism, London School, School, etc. generates a conversion of these schools inherit the results of previous studies, the development of language understanding, knowledge of language makes it fully enriched from The basic point of view of dialectical materialism, we know that things are generally organic whole, but it is also evolving. any theory as the results of human thought and understanding has its limitations, different theoretical perspectives with the inevitable defects from above of Saussure and Sapir's view of language of discourse, we clearly see that linguistic theory is no exception. theories of language internal and external, from the psychological basis, from behavioral responses, from an anthropological from culture on all sides for superior interpretation of the language, the emergence of language is also symbolic system, language is a psychological, physiological phenomenon, language is a cultural phenomenon, and so the nature of the thesis on the language the face of many discussion of the nature of language, people feel confused, it seems difficult to define the language, the nature of language seems elusive.

The language is concerned, the factors affecting it is multi-dimensional and if cultural, social, psychological, ethnic, historical and other aspects, such as a core language, culture and other factors will constitute the focus on the core and intertwined with each other and complex network systems with each factor varies, each element has its own unique features, and engaged in interaction with language, so language is a very complex phenomenon, its definition of the concept in different areas have different expression in different angles and at different levels have their definition of the characteristics of a property, we should be the language as a three-dimensional, development, open concept. If you give a definition language, we should to a philosophical perspective, the use of inductive research approach, summed up its most general features, the most important attribute. I have from the human, the human brain's thinking and ideology formation and development of human society to think that the language of human society The most important communication tool, which is the nature of language and basic characteristics of human civilization is based on the creation of any people's production and living needs, which is human existence, motivation. people need language, the language will produce, after being elected occur for a variety of human and social impact should be part of a second level or wider areas of discussion. the development of linguistic theory to help us understand the various aspects of the language will help us fully understand the language of human development, language The research will be developed to explore the nature and characteristics of language, the pace is always in progress.


References:
1, [Switzerland], Ferdinand de Saussure, Course in General Linguistics, Commercial Press, April 2008, Beijing 12th printing
2, Zhu Zhiping, Chinese second language teaching theory summary, Peking University Press, January 2008, p. 1
3, Zhou Qingsheng, Selected Works of Chinese language and anthropology a hundred years, the Intellectual Property Press, January 2009, p. 1

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