Jining City, Shandong Province, the sustainable use of agricultural land and water resources analysis

Abstract: In this paper, Jining City, Shandong Province, analyzed the status of water resources based on the use of agricultural land and water resources to match the model of Jining counties match the state of urban water resources analysis, the results showed that: Jining water and soil resources matches is excellent, but Regional differences are significant, central and southern than northern, central core area of ​​economic development matches the worst in this basis, optimizing the structure of agricultural land resource use, scientific use of water resources, coal, soil and water resources area made use of methods, Jining City, the sustainable use of agricultural land and water resources strategies and direction.

Keywords: agricultural land and water resources, sustainable use, response, Jining City, Shandong Province

Jining City, located in the southwest hinterland, located in the North China Plain and Lu Zhongnan Mountain transition zone, Yu-wan Rusu four provinces for the junction. Linyi east, west, Heze, Zaozhuang City, south and Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, north of Tai'an City, with the junction of the municipality in the district, any city, Yanzhou, Qufu, Zoucheng, Sishui, Weishan, the Diaoyu Islands County, Jinxiang, Jiaxiang County, Wenshang County, Liangshan County, a total of 7 2 District 3 City County, Jining City, the economic zone in the middle position Lunan, Shandong Province, the new regional development focus on building heights in the south and Shandong regional economic cooperation and competition in strategic fulcrum of Agriculture in its economic development occupies an important position in recent years due to soil erosion, and other serious problems of non-agricultural occupation, the city's land area is drastically reduced.

An overview of Jining City, water and soil resources
Soil and water resources for human survival and development of the basic material conditions, the most active ecosystem and the factors that affect the most widely used is the basis for agricultural development. At the same time, water and soil resources and limited natural resources, the sustainable use of water resources for sustainable development of human society, conditions and guarantees.

1.1 Status of water resources Jining City
1.1.1 The total water resources of Jining City
Jining, Shandong Province is the most abundant freshwater resources in the area. Weishan Lake water 1,260 km2, is one of the top ten freshwater lake, water up to 30 billion m3. While the rich underground water resources, freshwater resources, the province accounted for 1 / 6. Nansi Jining municipal water system, within the river many more than the river basin area 50km2 91, with a total length of 1,516 km, are flowing into Nansi Lake.

Jining water level of total water resources of 4.998 billion in m3, of which surface water 3.371 billion m3, groundwater natural recharge 1.626 billion m3, the total available water resources 3.037 billion m3, of which surface water 1.744 billion m3, groundwater 1.293 billion m3. Precipitation guaranteed rate of 50% of the year, 75% of the year, 95% of the total water resources in the year were $ 4.6 billion m3, 35 亿 m3, 26.2 billion m3. natural water resources and water resources available per unit area with the amount of per capita volume higher than the provincial average, but the per capita share of water resources 608m3, less than the national average of 1 / 4, below the United Nations to determine the per capita consumption of 1,000 m3 of the cordon. Jining City, the relative water requirements of the United Nations population per capita water resources capacity in the overloaded state, the relative population of Shandong Province, the surplus capacity in the state (see Table 1).

Table 1 Jining City, county and city's average water table of
1.1.2 uneven spatial and temporal distribution
Jining City, Shandong Province, located in the southwest, multi-year average precipitation 684.4mm, but the uneven spatial and temporal distribution (see Figure 1, is more abundant in southern and central areas of serious water shortage, large inter-annual differences, even the abundance, even the dry year and Regional water shortages have occurred [1].

1.1.3 imbalance between groundwater exploitation
Jining City, county and city water supply mainly from groundwater, since the 1960s has increased the amount of groundwater each year the amount of groundwater pumping nearly 20 billion m3, far greater than the average of 1.47 billion m3 of recoverable amount for many years. Overexploitation groundwater resulting in declining water table, forming a large area of ​​land funnel. to control the continued over-exploitation of groundwater, protection of industrial and agricultural production and sustainable supply of water for people's lives, to promote a virtuous cycle of water, the city's investment of a lot of money, and vigorously promote industrial and agricultural water conservation, water recharge recharge to strengthen the construction, but several large funnel area still continued to decline in groundwater levels, and thus the formation of ground subsidence in some places, cracks have appeared in the ground, building subsidence, etc. environmental geological disasters.

Figure 1 Distribution of water per mu Jining
1.1.4 Water pollution has been increasing
With the accelerating process of urbanization and economic development, industrial and municipal waste water emissions are increasing, the city's waste water discharge 280 million tons per year, the urban areas over 100,000 tons of waste water discharge, and Zoucheng Yanzhou more than 50,000 tons, and the remaining counties are at 4 million tons each year, the amount of chemical fertilizer 285,000 tons of pure discount, the annual use of pesticides more than 990 tons, most of these sources without any treatment directly into rivers, lakes, serious pollution of surface water. pollution of surface water infiltration leading to deterioration of groundwater quality year after year, and the formation of underground pollution in the river with both sides, forced to pollution of coastal farmland irrigation, has led to a large area of ​​surface deposition of pollutants spread, the quality of agricultural products down, excessive harmful substances [1].

1.1.5 serious waste of water resources
Jining City of industrial water recycling rate of 56%, yuan output value of industrial water consumption is 100m3, were lower than the national average of urban water supply is far from stop run, run, drip, drain phenomenon, pipe leakage rate of 15% or more. Agricultural irrigation accounts for the city's total water consumption of nearly 80% of water is truly large. Although the promotion of piped water and seepage control measures, but due to economic conditions, the advanced "three-irrigation 'area occupied very small proportion, most of the irrigation water or soil drainage, flood irrigation, the effective utilization of irrigation water is only about 40% [2].

1.2 Jining Land Resources and Utilization
1.2.1 Land use form
The total area of ​​the city's land resources 1,068,490 hm2, accounting for the province's total land area of ​​7.13%, per capita land area 0.13hm2. Arable land area 600,000 hm2, per capita arable land area 0.073hm2, woodland area of ​​12,305 hm2.

1.2.2 Land resource utilization of the main problems
Although more abundant land resources, Jining City, but in the development and utilization process, due to the lack of effective land conservation and management measures, the decline in arable land is increasingly difficult for the following reasons: First, with the population growth and economic development, future land aggregate demand will be more, such as rural residential, urban real estate development, land area of ​​road traffic, industrial and mining area, etc.; Second, after the implementation of water diversion project, Nansi Lake water level elevation, the lake area will be a corresponding rise in water table, about 25m from the outside of Lake Dam within about 670hm2 adversely affect farmland, third, Jining City, underground coal rich coal mining industry and the coal chemical industry is the Jining City, one of the pillar industries for economic development, but this will make the occurrence of subsidence and the formation of large tracts of farmland vast wetland waters or WATERLOGGED to each piece is a small area on the collapse of acres, while thousands of acres large, dispersed, disconnected now the city caused by surface coal mining sink area has 16,700 hm2, is expected to 1,400 hm2 / year rate of increase, the four water diversion project is to ensure water quality, the construction of a number of countries in the Nansi Lake District at the artificial wetlands will also reduce the number of arable land.

According to census statistics Jining City, water and soil conservation, nearly 10 years an area of ​​the city's hilly soil loss 2,367 km2, accounting for hilly 82.7% of the total land area of ​​annual soil erosion problems about 9.5 million t, equivalent to nearly 2,700 hm2 hilly land 30cm thick topsoil eroded, taken away the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other elements, approximately equivalent to the standard fertilizer 48,000 t.

2 Jining City, agriculture and water resources matching analysis
In this paper, water and land resources and matching the total dynamic analyzing the use of land and water resources matching coefficient, analysis of City in scale and degree of agricultural land and water resources to match the spatial differences, the judge Jining City, the basic conditions for sustainable agricultural development, improve the grain Jining production capacity, scientific planning for agricultural development to provide reference.

Matching coefficient of agricultural soil and water reflect a specific area for agricultural production, water and land resources than the relationship between time and space suitable match its calculation model Riwl = wiα / Li. Where: Riwl i City in soil and water resources for the match factor, wi is i City in the amount of water, Li City in cultivated area for the i, @ the proportion of agricultural water for the City in [3].

Jining City, based on the average quantity of water for many years, the proportion of arable land and agricultural water use statistics, the use of calculation models, come in different cities of Jining domain (does not include municipal water and soil resources in the area match the scale factor (see Table 2.

Table 2 Jining City, county and city land and water resources to match the coefficient
According to Ri value of concentration differences with the discrete characteristics of the agricultural land and water resources to match the coefficient divided into four levels: A. Jiaoyou matches (1.10 <Ri ≤ 3.49, B. matches well (0.55 <Ri ≤ 1.10), C. matches the general (0.38 <Ri ≤ 0.55), D. matches less (0 <Ri ≤ 0.38, can be seen from the Figure 2: Jining City, matching the average coefficient of 0.67 and water resources, good matches, higher than the provincial 0.23 the average level of its land and water resources to match the overall characteristics: matching coefficient of the highest in southern, northern general, the worst central of which is on better matches and Yutai Weishan County, including areas of good matching of Jinxiang, Qufu City, matches the general region, including Yanzhou, Wenshang County, Liangshan County; match of poor areas, including Jiaxiang County, Sishui, Zoucheng, any city.

The above results are basically consistent with reality. Jining Weishan and the Diaoyu Islands in southern counties, is located in Jinxiang distribution area lakes, the water resources are abundant, arable land is relatively small, so a higher coefficient of soil and water resources to match the central region core area of ​​economic development, in the case of water scarcity, industrial and agricultural water for urban water take up, so water poor match, agricultural water shortage in the central region as well as agricultural development, food production, hard constraints, greatly influenced the sustainable development of agriculture. Links to free download http://www.hi138.com 3 Jining City, agriculture and water resources sustainable utilization
According to the analysis of soil and water resources of Jining City, state match, Jining City, sustainable development of agriculture from the economic, social and ecological benefits of three point of view, respectively, on water resources, land resources, sustainable use of reasonable options, overall improvement Utilization of land and water resources.

3.1 rational use of water resources
Scientific use of water resources approach include the following aspects: the use of advanced water-saving irrigation techniques, reducing the irrigation quota in order to expand irrigated area and improve water use efficiency, full of water and fertilizer coupling effect, by reducing the amount of irrigation water and fertilizer application, increase the accumulation of soil nutrients, improve soil structure, reduce the growing agricultural non-point source pollution, improve agricultural ecological environment.

Specifically to do the following work:
A good job of surface water and groundwater combined scheduling in industrial and agricultural production, water use planning should be based on use of surface water-based, over exploited within the firm to fight against the new Wells, to protect the limited groundwater resources. Zouxian power Plant four, continued construction of a power plant canal, Jining Power Plant expansion and other key projects have been implemented in water surface water and groundwater joint scheduling, pre-flood dry season dominated by groundwater, surface water-based Xunhou to [4].

2 accelerate the implementation of water recharge project, make full use of rainwater resources due to concentrated rainfall, heavy rain runoff in the form of ultra-rapid penetration into the rivers and lakes. To ensure the safety of dam lakes and rivers, the need for timely accumulation of a large number of excreted water, groundwater funnel are not fully covering, most of rainwater resources being wasted in the geographical and geological conditions suitable for the construction of recharge trenches of the funnel area and restraint gate, the mobilization of flood recharge can not only increase the flood water availability, but also can reduce the flood pressure downstream rivers and lakes [5].

3) increase the water pollution control efforts to achieve water resource and vigorously implement planned water and water conservation, water efficiency, speed up transformation of industrial water, industrial yuan output value of the quantity of water to reach the national average. Continue to promote local conditions advanced water-saving irrigation Technology, in the economically developed areas and high-tech agricultural demonstration zone, to promote high standards of the "three irrigation" project, and gradually reverse the phenomenon of large-scale waste water. To increase the pollution prevention efforts. pollutant carrying capacity of water bodies in accordance with strict control of sewage into the river mouth set up and expand. actively promote industrial restructuring, and resolutely shut down some of the pollution and no hope of strengthening point source-point source control to reduce industrial pollution, sewage treatment plants to speed up construction, water resource [6 ].

4 to carry out mine water recycling, to reduce water waste, reduce environmental pollution caused by mine water would be treated mine water recovery, recycling standards to be widely used in mining bath, green, mine dust, power generation, cooling, etc. production, all aspects of life. coal mining coal mining subsidence is inevitable problems. the collapse of the mining pit and use of water power plants, and water discharge pit development of aquaculture (fish, shrimp, crab. is a necessary condition : Hang from the power plant to be near collapse, and mine drainage treatment is sterile filtered, after eliminating hazardous substances (Beware of secondary pollution of aquatic facilities can lead to pit, but do deal with the collapse of the pit can be on to drawing, using the characteristics of fine particles of fly ash, bottom and around the pit do grouting leak at the [7].

3.2 rational use of land resources
1 according to land use planning, in a certain area to develop land use zoning, land use restrictions specific content, the implementation of land use to change the system, use of land resources, administrative, economic and legal means to control supervision. A total amount of land to control strict restrictions on agricultural land into construction land, while the implementation of special protection for farmland and to the existing land resources for dynamic testing.

2 to increase the intensity of the laws of the land. For agricultural land, especially fertile land in accordance with <<Basic Farmland Protection Regulations>> the provisions of designated basic farmland conservation area, establish a strict system of protection of basic farmland and the implementation of the land, clear lines of responsibility and strict management. designated basic farmland protection area should be included in county-level land use planning, town and county non-agricultural industries (including the zone, not planning and configuration in the farmland protection areas.

3 In particular, Jining City, there are a lot of coal mining subsidence land in the collapse of the regional water table is not too high, shallow water or the collapse of the established seasonal water drainage system, to achieve the purpose of re-use of land. For high water table, deeper collapse of perennial water district, water district will continue to deepen used to fill sunken areas around the shallow collapse at the establishment of fisheries, aquaculture, agriculture and environmental bases of both the economic environment in land subsidence is not Shen stable before use after full argument and no secondary pollution, mining, solid waste, construction waste, and rivers filled with silt and other objects, will collapse to leveling, reclamation, integrated management of land.

Has been the collapse of governance in the selection of appropriate use, resulting in a landscape of good stability, high economic efficiency of the vegetation, integrated design of agricultural, forestry, fisheries, livestock and other food chain, to form a stable and efficient ecosystem in the reclamation other than agricultural land also planning on planting flowers and trees planted in the waters support the development of lotus root, fish and other industries, for Jining - Yanzhou - Qufu - Zoucheng group-style urban ecological environment construction zone.

4 Conclusion
Although the Jining City, rich soil and water resources, but because of economic development, population growth and people's living standards improve, the utilization of water resources is growing, people in relationships have become increasingly prominent, so Jining sustainable land and water resources Research is increasingly urgent, especially the large number of Jining City, coal mining, the use of water resources according to their characteristics to create a model sustainable use of water resources, help to promote a mining area for the radiation characteristics of soil and water resources for sustainable use of the concrete implementation program, thus extending the coal industry chain, to the achievement of Jining City, the sustainable use of soil and water resources play a significant role in promoting.


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