On the choice of methods of compiling international news

[Paper Keywords] <<Reference News>> framework for Taiwan's international image report
[Abstract] This paper with the news frame theory, the use of the content analysis method, <<Reference News>> reports related to Taiwan Taiwan is how to shape the image of an attempt on the <<Reference News>> reports a comprehensive framework for understanding.


Framework concept from Bateson (Bateson, 1955, by the Goffman (Goffman, 1974 to introduce the concept of cultural sociology and, later was introduced into the mass communication Research, qualitative Research has become an important concept. Goffman that a person, the real thing is his or her definition of scenarios. This definition can be divided into bars and frames. refers to the sequence of activities of the framework is used to define the type of organization.

On this basis, some scholars have proposed "framework for the basic mode of information" that the choice of materials in the press, focusing on media news sources and exchanges between the quoted, focus on the choice of the source institutions and individuals, reflects media bias and position on the press materials, construction, consists of three areas: report object, report content and report the number, location and layout theme tone. Reports to determine the object determines the focus and the focus of news, news was the presentation of news media production reflects the basic mode of thinking, location, quantity and tone of the major news media from revealing the form of materials handling. ① In this paper, the above framework analysis point of view, from a news source, reported that the content, reporting methods, and several other aspects of <<Reference News, "Taiwan-related to what media reports, which include the subject of their choice box, and what kind of skills by building Taiwan's international image.

First, the sample data
(As described in the overall
<<Reference News>> attached to the Xinhua News Agency, the choice of foreign and Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macao and report news sources. Generally are used in international news or the Xinhua News Agency reported the news provided by foreign correspondents. Daily out of eight version, respectively, news, press reviews, current affairs aspect of the world economy, military, sports, social culture, education, science and technology, the land of China, where on Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday will provide an additional forum. special issue of Taiwan on Tuesday, Wednesday, the supplement, out on Thursday special issue. ② special issue, supplements and special issues are beyond the scope of the study, therefore not described.

By sampling a total of 70 samples. Time from September 2008 to September 2010, and published reports in the headlines involving a total of five to Taiwan, accounting for 7% of sample size. Most of the articles in the Chinese version of the earth cross-strait section (89% of which have seven pictures news.

This article from the selected title, the main events, sources, reported that the position reports to analyze the selected subject samples. The title is generally summed up the contents of the text or implied by news reports subject main events include the role of action and plot, is a news event The main content includes a positive position report (support, optimism or compassion, a negative (pessimistic, oppose, neutral, or can not determine (without any comment analysis, reservations, or can not judge.

(II data analysis
1, reported the source analysis of the sources in the sample, 78% from the "China Times>> 76% from <<the United Daily News>>.

<<United Daily News>> is Taiwan's largest newspaper, is published in Chinese newspapers in Taiwan, Taiwan is one of the three major newspapers over the years, <<the United Daily News>> persist in opposing Taiwan independence and safeguard cross-strait peace position.

"China Times>> is a comprehensive Chinese-language newspaper in Taiwan <<China Times>> and <<Liberty Times, United Daily News >>,<< >>,<< Apple Daily" (Taiwan's Taiwan version of the four parallel major newspapers in Taiwan's media after the opening, it has a more detailed international and cross-strait news and special reports, but there are a lot of people think that <<the China Times>> clearly in support of pan-blue, and a tendency to gradual loss of balance information.

24% from <<>>,<< Apple Daily, Apple Daily>> in Hong Kong, Taiwan, the influential newspaper. <<Apple Daily>> In the sensitive Political issues detailed reports and have sharp comment, but generally is based on blue-green "each playing 50 big board" way to do balance in addition to Reuters, the Associated Press, CNA, Taiwan's Eastern Broadcasting Network, Hong Kong <<Sing Pao,>> and < <new report>> and so on.

It can be seen: First, <<refer to the message>> news sources is very broad, covering parts of the world, including news agencies, newspapers, television, radio, Internet, magazines and other media, reflecting the <<Reference News>> trying to seek " a variety of voices "efforts.

Secondly, the news source of choice, <<Reference News>> tend to choose Taiwan <<China Times and United Daily News >>,<< >>,<< >>,<< free Apple Daily Times>>. Taiwan's local media accounted for the vast majority of mainstream addition to geographical affinity, but also the concept of "for our own use" policy.

2, the thematic analysis. Looking at the <<Reference News>> Taiwan reported more extensively involved in the content, covering Political, Economic, social, sports and other aspects of its report can be summarized as a "main line" and three "feeder." A "main line" refers to cross-strait relations, three "feeder" - the military reports, government reports and Economic reports in the report "main line" - the exchange of cross-strait relations development, <<Reference News>> have a strong consciousness - a strong state and national identity. such as <<Ma Ying-jeou on the <and the Taiwan Relations Act> speech ", etc. At the same time, whether military or Economic reports reports are also around the center, such as military reports <<Taiwan's deployment of missiles by the end of the mainland>> (2010 9 1st, <<Ma Ying-jeou announced the housing strategy for the defensive to offensive U.S. military experts "pointing" the military defense of Taiwan>> (October 26, 2008 Economic reports such as <<no longer entrust semi-official or private institutions (cited claims Taiwan cross-strait negotiations to "official contact ">>,<< reputation" no worries "cross-strait relations have improved>> (November 13, 2008 and so on.

In Taiwan, the construction of the image on the <<Reference News>> selling point is the "cross-strait relations." Many times in news text, and more on the front page, such as August 1, 2010 front page < <first mention of cross-strait negotiations mainland withdraw missiles>>, November 4, 2008 front page <<New Office Chen Yunlin to visit Taiwan strait>> such information, subject to cross-strait relations have developed, showing concentric cross to the positive trend.

3, trend analysis reports, according to statistical analysis, the bias, the majority of the neutral report, 65.6% negative reports slightly less concentrated in the Chen scandal, such as December 11, 2008 <<Chen Shui-bian denied guilt to be examined >> and so on.

In 70 samples, reported on Political image of the 42%, and the social image of the reported 46%. Political reporting, to cross-strait relations as the core, such as <<start cross-strait three links bring new hope>> and other core point of view directed at cross-strait relations. reports tend to highlight the <<Reference News>> judge the value of Taiwan, as long engaged in information compiled by the China International Radio correspondent Zhang Min said: There are three principles of compiling foreign, of which two is "to contribute to domestic social stability and security" and "I want to meet foreign policy experience a negative report, the sensitive subject matter to be carefully chosen". ③
4, reporting methods. Way of reporting the news material is an important aspect of construction, it is usually more subtle than the choice of topics, in the back, often hidden news producers on the subjective intent of building material information.

Joseph Man Chan and scholars, international news Zhongdang Pan wrote that the "domestication." Through domestication, mainstream journalists to make their own nation-state ideology and identity to "reproduction." <<Reference News>> Taiwan, although not directly reported by international news coverage of events to "domestication", but by foreign media reporting on China's selection, editing and processing, is another form of "domestication." ④ Links to free download http://www.hi138.com In my opinion, <<refer to the message, "The distinctive feature of Taiwan-related reports are: to retain the original style, original translation, try to keep the authentic perspective of overseas reports , the choice of topics in the news, making news headlines and opinions on Jina showed tendencies, such as reports of Chen Yunlin to visit Taiwan, <<Chen Yunlin to visit Taiwan will become a milestone in cross-strait relations>>, Jina the three points, distributed in three subheading "and discuss countermeasures against the financial turmoil," "Green Camp in full swing to provocation" and "Taiwan successfully against" Taiwan independence. "were cited <<Japanese Economic News>> Hong Kong <<Ming Pao Daily News>> Taiwan <<free Times>> Taiwan <<Commons Daily>> and Hong Kong <<Oriental Daily News>> point of view, by referring to the same event in different media reports combined into one report, to reflect the objective and impartial. Another example is the <<the mainland to visit Taiwan Cautious heat so that people>> (July 12, 2010, and similar reporting practices used in 38 articles, about 54%.

Second, Taiwan's international image "is shaping"
(A single, flat-based impression
Taiwan sample showing a "third eye" in the image, there are three points: First, corruption clusters (with 25, accounted for 36%, the second, the government was busy "to resign, anti-corruption and conflict" (22 , accounting for 31%), and the third, missing the image of science, education, and only five, including two news or pictures, were July 24, 2010 <<Taiwan fruit sale will be held in Hong Kong>> and 2010 7 16 <<Ao, son of the National Taiwan University, Peking University is not on>>.

<<Reference News>> Taiwan-related news sources reported in the choice, let people hear the pursuit of "multiple voices", but as with all news of the production choices through information and by using the framework to achieve a specific meaning as its news selection and compilation, there is inevitably some degree of shelter and highlights.

(Two active role in the lack of
24.4% of the amount of positive news and negative messages with 20% of the right, the show is consistent with our national interests and Political position in Taiwan reported in the choice of coverage, editorial filtering material when carrying out the "we" approach where The "we" is "must choose their major, and I need to focus on domestic events, or to selectively report". ⑤
Third, the analysis and discussion
See from the Research sample, this problem is that the sample does not cover the "Reference News>> all report on Taiwan, because Taiwan-related reports covering too broad, can not be fully collected, so this study used random sample selection methods for statistical analysis In the method, this paper only the news media to operate and analyze the text, yet the lack of audience analysis, but it does not affect the conclusion.

(A tendency to show
<<Reference News>> has never hidden his political orientation, it is always "positive, positive, balanced and stable," the newspaper policy. ⑥
Such as the August 1, 2010 the front page <<first mention of cross-strait negotiations mainland withdraw missiles>>, sources have <<>>,<< Apple Daily, Oriental Morning Post>>, "Economic Times>> Taiwan," Wang reported >>, Deutsche Presse-Agentur, Taiwan <<Liberty Times >>,<< United Daily News ", Hong Kong <<Asia Times>> three subtitled <<People's Liberation Army called on open consultation>>," Taiwan to the mainland unilaterally concessions >>,<< cross-strait "rhythm" Does the same>>, progressive layers, and finally Taiwan <<United Daily News>> turned a deaf ear "to throw for the end of the Chinese Communists break the political problems, and actively create conditions for the subsequent series of actions, including withdrawal of hawkish PLA throw bombs speech, the Malaysian Government as the positive thinking. "
In the analysis of cross-strait relations, the two sides one mind, Taiwan is basically a positive image in the scandal reports of Chen Shui-bian when Chen Shui-bian by ugly revelations, also expressed <<Reference News>> attitude.

<<Reference News>> Taiwan-related reports and activities of the authorities is not too much coverage, unless these activities involve a number of events taking place in China, such as <<Ma suggested the two sides' mutual establishment of institutions ">> (May 10, 2009, August 1, 2010 front page <<first mention of cross-strait negotiations mainland withdraw missiles>>, November 4, 2008 front page <<Chen Yunlin to visit Taiwan on cross-strait new Board>> and so on.

(B strategy - third-party discourse
In order to ease the tendency to be too thick, "Reference News>> often use third-party point of view, such as <<the two sides could end U.S. arms sales to ease>> (United States <<Defense News>> Weekly reports, etc., at 70 stories, in addition to front page news and pictures, the 83% who are involved in a separate comment on the discourse, which is its balanced approach. ■
References
① Pan Xiaoling, Joe the same boat, <<news material selection and construction: Lien Chan's "journey of peace" comparative study of cross-strait media reports>> "Journalism and Communication Studies>>, 2005 (4
② Li Yang, <<<Reference News> How to decrypt ?>>,<< China News Weekly>>, 2008 (24
③ Liu Chao: <<How do international press Edit>> Communication University of China Press, 2005
④ Joseph Man Chan, Zhongdang Pan, <<international news, "domesticated": A Comparative Study of Hong Kong's return reported>> Taiwan <<News Research>>
⑤ Li Dawei, <<international news reports success - to <Reference News> and <Global Times> example >>,<< News fans>>, 2008
⑥ Wang Xiaoli, <<<Reference News> world of ups and downs >>,<< file>>, 2009 (4 Links to free download http://www.hi138.com