On the importance of vocational education and employment

Abstract: China's vocational Education to school Education, school and community, schools and businesses close enough contact, secondary vocational Education, there are constraints on their Development are still difficulties and problems. With the Development of secondary vocational Education, more and more graduates students into society and become the socialist construction. In this situation, students establish a correct concept of career, to help students achieve successful employment, has become secondary vocational schools must pay attention, make great efforts to study an important topic.

Keywords: vocational Education, employment, ways

Secondary vocational education is to provide a basis for economic and social Development of skilled personnel and important position in China's education system is an important part of many years, China's secondary vocational education for the primary, production-oriented, service-oriented first line, trained a large number of professional theoretical knowledge, skills and proficiency in a good quality of education of workers, secondary vocational schools are the basis for the society in the process of talent has been a healthy Development. But needless to say, with the market-oriented reforms and the recent massive expansion of higher education enrollment, the face of increasingly severe employment situation and the increasingly fierce competition for jobs at a comparative disadvantage in the employment of disadvantaged groups, post graduates, because of their age, knowledge, experience, social, family and many other effects, there are complex psychological employment, which affects the normal employment, coupled with secondary vocational education system is also not well adapted to the new situation and new changes in this " into "and" out "two double squeeze pressure, secondary vocational education schools in general face greater pressure, many schools have entered a dilemma.


One of China's existing common problems in vocational education
1.1 overall lack of features of vocational education, education has some limitations on the object
For a long time, China's vocational education to school education, school and community, schools and businesses close contact is not enough, so that the environment of vocational education graduates did not really achieve its desired level of knowledge and skill requirements, the employer can not meet individual needs of the unit. In recent years, although this situation improved, but the fundamentals have not changed fundamentally.

1.2 students small, poor quality
Blind pursuit of high diploma, high degree of social values, making students and parents to focus on high school reading of major universities as the ultimate goal, and a small number of vocational education is the low level of cultural knowledge of students and their parents the choice of Left, which determined from the fundamental source of students in vocational education and students the quality scale.

Local governments do not really understand the central authorities to vigorously develop vocational education in the spirit, counties, districts, cities rush to run vocational training schools, plus the involvement of private vocational education, divide the piece is not that big "cake" objective led to the recruitment market in vicious competition and local protectionism over the rising cost of school enrollment, school size and effectiveness of the rapid decline.

Recruitment difficult, difficult admissions. The school enrollment work regarded as a top priority: "the first enrollment, full participation" of the vocational school to become an indisputable reality. This approach naturally dilute the teaching and research, student management, job market surveys, etc., the objective of school a negative impact on long-term Development and stability.

1.3 there is a big professional construction blindness and repeatability
As we all know need to set up a professional market, so regardless of the actual condition of the schools, blindly on the new professional, professional hot its hazards are threefold: First, like digital technology, mold design and manufacturing expertise, the teaching equipment and teacher requirements are very high, invested heavily in the construction of the school if the blind, or into a huge, tremendous financial burden to bear, or a shortage, seriously affecting the quality of teaching. Second, if a zone, everyone on the same professional, will inevitably result in duplication, Some of the school is bound to lack of students, resulting in idle equipment, waste of resources over the last accounting, electronic appliances and other professionals have a very hot time, now almost every school has idle facilities and teachers. Third, the impact on employment of graduates, now hot, We compete to be launched, after three years may be cold.

1.4 higher employment rate, high quality employment
Because schools are highly concerned about the employment of graduates, the employment boost enrollment in vocational basic form, the level of graduate employment rates are relatively high, but there is the problem of high quality employment mainly reflected in: the vast majority of graduates is low paid employment, some students after school several times after placement, the school will no longer take responsibility for placement, the students re-employment difficult. The reason is, first, the quality of graduates is not high, the second is the school career tracking service is not enough. from the study of the situation, a few schools to flexible education system misinterpreted as free school system, students learn in school time is very short, less time for skills training, technical certificates less than gold.


2 significance and implications of career guidance
2.1 The importance of employment guidance
As a special career guidance practice, in our history is not long, and the career guidance as part of school education, but in recent years to do. In order to implement employment guidance, first of all, we lead the repeated learning of all staff <<the CPC Central Committee on the decision to vigorously develop vocational education>> to learn about the development of vocational education leaders at all levels of speech, and guide people unify their thinking, fully understand the career guidance work in promoting growth and vocational school students development, and guide the graduates to full employment, to achieve rational allocation of human resources, building a harmonious society in an important role; secondly, to establish a team of "leaders" responsible for the full-time and part-time combination, a combination of internal and external career guidance teachers team; again, to establish a solid employment base. As a result, my school's job placement of graduates gradually standardized and mature.

2.2 The task of career guidance, content
Secondary vocational schools, employment guidance, and its main tasks include: to enable students by understanding the community, understand their own, establish the correct career aspirations, to master the basic norms of professional ethics, understanding of professional ethics to develop ways to foster high professional morality; gradually according to the law through the study of employment, the concept of competition, learn the basis of social development, career needs and personal characteristics of career design methods to improve the quality of the students themselves, to develop their own jobs, entrepreneurial self-consciousness. To accomplish these tasks, We mainly from the following four vocational guidance.

First, the Enlightenment, career awareness, develop their professional ethics, establish professional ideal education. Help students understand themselves, to establish a correct concept of career and create a good work ethic, and be able to correctly understand the personal and social needs of the ideal relationship between the guide the students not only pay attention to tap their own potential, develop their own weaknesses, but also according to the study professional requirements, to compensate for their lack of initiative to meet the job requirements.

Second, students according to social and economic development needs, personal characteristics, career design advantages of the ability to help students correct their ideas, cultivate the innovative spirit, business awareness, improve their self-awareness, self-motivation, self-decision-making capacity. enhance social adjustment, integration into social skills training and the cultivation of ethical behavior.

Third, to help students understand what they have learned with the appropriate professional career in social development, status, role, status and development requirements of practitioners, to enable students to master certain to enter the workplace, to develop entrepreneurial knowledge, skills and methods.

Fourth, to guide students in job search, employment and self-direction options; to guide students to understand national and local employment situation, employment-related policies and regulations, employment system, labor market operation mechanism, to provide job information for students to career advice, etc. services, to help students successfully achieve employment purposes.


3 for the problems in vocational education, the following countermeasures
3.1 Government to increase investment in secondary vocational education
Secondary vocational education in China's share of education funding in low from 2004, the central government increased support for vocational education, the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Finance implemented a "vocational education training base construction projects" in the national development Reform Commission, Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Labor and Social Security jointly issued the <<on the basis of the preparation of secondary vocational education capacity building planning notice>> mentioned, the central special capital investment of $ 6 billion expansion of secondary vocational schools to optimize resources. Visible state for secondary vocational education in the growing emphasis on investment in secondary vocational education is constantly increasing and many successful reform of vocational education experience of countries that are worthy of our country to learn from. Links to free download http://www.hi138.com 3.2 Strengthening of secondary vocational education teachers team building
3.2.1 accelerate the "dual" construction of faculty
China should develop "dual-qualified" teachers, the "dual" vocational education teachers can be interpreted as: on the one hand, some have full-time vocational school teachers, both professional and theoretical level also has a professional practice, both can also be engaged in the practice of teaching the theory of teaching, with the "double" the quality on the other hand, enterprises and institutions from the vocational schools to hire professional and technical personnel and "craftsmen" as a part-time teachers to guide students in hands-on training, to form a support a "dual" structure of the teachers.

3.2.2 improve the teacher qualification system
In addition to new teachers should have the required diploma, but also to gradually increase the requirements of relevant work experience, vocational education teachers with practical requirements of a more comprehensive quality To improve the system of appointing teachers, the teacher full appointment, demand Shegang, open recruitment, fair competition, merit-based appointment, rigorous assessment, contract management, teachers from the fundamental solution to cure, slow development issues, to improve the teaching post system, set up a special post series, to develop specific implementation measures, to fully reflect the vocational school teacher management features.

3.2.3 improvement in the treatment of teachers and the work environment
In China, the status of vocational education has not been properly established, secondary vocational education schools to improve teachers' status will be difficult, because development is not satisfactory, so the attraction of talent on the lack of priority is to improve secondary vocational schools treatment of teachers, increase the attractiveness of the establishment of a secondary vocational school teachers incentives to encourage the development of secondary vocational schools, to raise the social status of teachers.


4 ways to career guidance
4.1 full-employment guidance
First, the school requires every classroom teacher should teach courses for students with vocational guidance. Shanghao moral education teachers to professional ethics and career guidance classes, to enhance the effectiveness and relevance. Should vocational guidance throughout the school the whole process of education in all grades, to develop the correct concept of career, the formation of good professional quality and teaching, the students work together. Secondly, through mental health education, to solve the students' learning and employment psychological conflicts arising in the process, improve the psychological quality of students, help students make to adapt to society, to the psychological preparation of society again, to carry out acts of employment counseling and job search employment training in their daily work, based on the acceptance of students before graduation to focus on writing cover letters, job interview counseling, polite etiquette training to help students master the job skills and abilities.

4.2 implementation of "order" education
To further implementation of employment-oriented guiding ideology, the school's employment, we must constantly update our concepts, innovation, to turn around the market closely, following the market. Thus, since 2004, our school has with local and Shenyang, Dalian, Qingdao enterprises to reach the intention of cooperation in running schools; business plan based on needs identified employment and personnel standards, the school based on enterprise standards, teaching plans; two students in school years, and then to the corporate practice, corporate use of advanced equipment for the practice of teaching students to quickly improve their skills. This cooperative education, enabling a culture, training, employment, integration, not only improve the quality of teaching, saving educational resources, but also help students to advance contacts with society to provide a guarantee of employment for students.

4.3 try to work-study training model
In order to realize the sharing of resources with schools to ensure the quality of graduate placement, fully protect the interests of students, starting in 2006, we Kaiyuan Chemical Group, Kaiyuan Crane Factory, Kaiyuan, Liaoning High-tech Development Zone signed the agreement and other units, In welding, machining, computer science began to select 30 students work-study training model experiments, has achieved remarkable success. This alternating pattern work, schools and businesses take full advantage of the resources, to achieve the complementary advantages between schools and enterprises, more What is important is to solve the poverty problem students to successfully complete their studies. This teaching model, by businesses, students, parents welcome, to achieve social and economic double harvest.

4.4 explore the graduates' pre-employment "model
My previous job placement work is the school from the third grade, this placement method is simply this: focus on graduates, placement time to focus, often prone to professional employment rate of graduates, employment units not desirable, students and parents are not satisfied with the between the problems. Beginning in 2007, graduates of the school to explore the "pre-employment" training model, schools with a number of companies signed a joint agreement to develop talents in the second and third year of employment are consistent with the standard selection of outstanding students, on a regular basis to enterprise training and practice, schools in the moral character, professional knowledge and so on greater efforts to develop the same time, these companies also strengthen the students skills training, graduation, after passing the examination, you can graduate.

"Pre-employment" model, enabling students to better and more quickly adapt to business competition, the students also the fastest to create benefits for business and society. "Pre-employment" training model for students to build up employment platform employment of students to develop new ways for enterprises to provide a reliable human resources.

4.5 to carry out the transfer of rural surplus labor force training
In recent years, the transfer of surplus rural labor force training, received from the central to local levels of government attention and great attention as county-level vocational education centers, training for rural surplus labor is the bounden duty and obligation by the way to achieve both economic development services for the local school for the construction of socialist new rural service, to build a harmonious social service mission, but also to give full play to the school of education resources, to achieve self-development, self-improvement. At the same time, to achieve a virtuous cycle of employment recruitment.

4.6 good job tracking services
Schools to do employment work, increase the intensity of employment tracking service, sending teachers to training specialized guidance, sending staff to carry out graduate students to do follow-up service and employment information feedback, build quality and excellent talent pool of graduates employed Base database, a typical set of employment, thereby ensuring quality and efficient employment services.

Practice has proved that the students do a good job of employment, not just finding a way for graduates of small problems, but to the school, students survival and development of major problems, it is related to the healthy development of vocational education, building a harmonious society, benefit thousands of families a big problem, so the employment of vocational school students must get a really good job, to achieve results.

References
[1] Zhang Shaohui. Vocational education materials problems and countermeasures [J]. China Adult Education, 2009.

[2] Li Guoqiang, Circle. Development of vocational education in China Problems and countermeasures [J]. Adult Education, 2009, (6).

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