On low-carbon industries and industrialization of China's low-carbon way _ carbon paper to write network

Papers to write Net: Abstract: With global climate change, the traditional industrial structure and energy consumption will face serious challenges. In response to this worldwide problem, countries around the world to develop new energy sources and energy conservation and other emerging industries as the adjustment of Economic structure, promote Economic growth, national Development strategies, while the "carbon Industry" has become the world's changing Economic structure the first choice.

Keywords: Economic restructuring, energy saving, low-carbon Industry

Since the party congress, the CPC Central Committee and State Council has repeatedly asked the local transformation of Economic Development. This year, the CPC Central Committee and a number of leaders in a variety of different occasions accelerate the transformation of "economic Development." Here the transformation of economic Development is mainly energy saving economic Development path, and take the road of low-carbon Industry is the main Industry selection .2010 March 5, Third Session of the Eleventh National People's Congress, Premier Wen Jiabao in his government work report with "urgent" to describe the change in the urgency of economic development, illustrate the development of "low-carbon industries," the urgency, but also shows the development of "low-carbon industries' importance.


1 The concept of low-carbon Industry to develop low-carbon industries and why
Current low-carbon industry is no clear definition of the set according to many scholars and their views, I summarize the concept of low-carbon industries: the means of production and consumption process, to minimize carbon emissions or carbon-free industry low-carbon industry is a low-power low-carbon emission pollution as the main feature.

Why should promote "low-carbon industry" mean? As the world's industrial economy, the rapid increase in population, the unlimited human desire and the production life of the uncontrolled rise, increasing carbon dioxide emissions, the ozone layer is suffering from an unprecedented crisis rising temperatures, melting glaciers, increased extreme weather disasters, ecosystem degradation, natural disasters, the depth of reach of agriculture and food security, water security, energy security, ecological security and public health safety, the direct threat to human survival and development. "high energy consumption, high pollution" economy and way of life is becoming a killer of human beings and the earth, low-carbon economic development model have become the inevitable choice [1] take the road of low-carbon industry, human and natural the need for harmony, is to protect the Earth's needs, but also the sustainable development of human needs, but also the need for survival and development of human beings. "low-carbon economy" is an important transformation of the world economy is a major revolution in the world economy, regardless of terms from the domestic or global, the low-carbon industry will become a national long-term economic development of the strategic choice, while it also has huge economic, environmental and social benefits.


2 three industries in the analysis and comparison of low-carbon industry

First of all, between the point of view from the three industries, carbon emissions in three industries, the energy intensity of the secondary industry is far higher than on primary industry and tertiary industry (Table 1).

According to the Institute of Statistics, China's first industry in recent years, the average energy intensity of 0.34t / million increase in value, secondary industry is 1.73t / million increase in the value of tertiary industry is 0.41t / million increase in value. that the energy intensity of the secondary industry for the first 5 times the industry for more than four times the tertiary industry, industrial sector energy consumption accounts for 78% of total consumption, including electricity, transportation, construction, metallurgy, chemical industry , oil, petrochemical and other industries total energy consumption, consumption of more than 50% [2] In other words, the heavy chemical industry's energy intensity is much higher than general manufacturing, but also in the same industry, the technical level, the lower the energy intensity higher.

Secondly, from the three intra-industry analysis (Table 2, in the primary sector, the forestry is the most low-carbon, mainly due to the photosynthesis of green plants can absorb atmospheric carbon dioxide, so as to achieve the role of carbon sequestration while rely on modern materials for the fertility of the oil culture-based agriculture and animal husbandry is relatively high carbon emissions put the industry in the second industry, mining, manufacturing, electricity, gas and mining industry is the high carbon emissions industries in the tertiary industry, transportation is the high consumption of carbon industries.


3 to go low-carbon industries of China's major challenges facing the road
China's energy structure 3.1
China's energy consumption mainly depends on primary energy coal and oil, and clean energy in total energy consumption, the proportion of the share was lower (Table 3 because of China's abundant coal resources, and other energy resources are relatively small, so our coal-based The energy structure for a very long period of time is difficult to change, will change our development model to the long-term carbon constraints.

3.2 China's industrialization stage
At this stage in the industrialization of China's whole second half of the mid-stages of industrialization dependent on coal, oil and natural gas and other fossil fuels has not fundamentally changed. China is the world's most populous country, which makes China's industrialization process, than any other country in the world of material production and consumption need to be large, electric power, steel, machinery, automobile, shipbuilding, chemical, electronics, building materials industry is still the main driver of China's economic growth. machinery, steel, petrochemicals as the core of the heavy and chemical industries will be crucial to further promote the growth factor of the heavy chemical industry trend means that inevitably consume a lot of energy and resources. At present, China's greenhouse gas emissions ranks second in the world .

3.3 China's Technology and equipment
In recent years, China has been rapid development of science and Technology and progress, the overall technological level has been advanced into the ranks of the world, but on the low-carbon Technology, our Technology with a certain gap between the world's developed countries, such as China in renewable energy, new energy sources, clean and efficient use of coal, oil and gas resources and coal bed methane exploration and development, such as carbon dioxide, carbon capture and sequestration Technology and equipment has just started, but also faces great challenges.

At the same time in these areas, China still lags behind developed countries. Utilization of China's energy consumption compared with the world advanced level there is a big gap between the high intensity energy consumption per unit of GDP (Table 4), China's comprehensive energy efficiency is about 33% lower than in developed countries about 10 percentage points. electricity, steel, nonferrous metals, petrochemical, building materials, chemicals, textiles eight main products industry average unit energy consumption higher than the international advanced level in 40% of iron and steel, cement, cardboard Comprehensive energy consumption unit were higher than the international advanced level of 21%, 45% and 120% motor vehicle fuel consumption 25% higher than in Europe, 20% higher than Japan [3].

China's energy consumption per unit of GDP than the world average of 2.20 times, compared with U.S., EU, Japan and India are high 2.40 times, 4.60 times, 8 times and 0.30 times [4] (Figure 1, although <<United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change >> regulations, countries are obligated to provide technology transfer to developing countries, but with a far cry from the actual situation, had to rely on independent R & D of key technologies, it will be a long process.

3.4 China's current industrial structure
In the 21st century, continued to optimize our industrial structure, but in terms of static or dynamic perspective to analyze China's current industrial structure, many questions remain, such as agriculture, infrastructure remains weak, varieties of agricultural products, the quality is not optimized structure, ecological still in the early stages of agricultural development.'s traditional petroleum-based raw materials from agriculture has not changed the overall Industrial production in the unit GDP energy consumption of resources is far greater than in the developed world, while the industry as the main economic structure, capacity is relatively backward technology level of China's economy caused by high carbon characteristics, so the adjustment of economic structure, improve industrial production and energy level is an important part of a low carbon economy.


4 high-carbon industries of China's low-carbon industries and low-carbon pathway
4.1 to adjust and optimize industrial structure, develop low-carbon industry
Low-carbon industry is a low power, low pollution, carbon emissions, the environmental industry. The characteristics of industrial low-carbon development, limiting access to high-carbon industry, which requires that we must adjust our efforts at this stage industrial structure, eliminating the backward high-energy consumption and high pollution industry, while increasing the recycling of resources and vigorously develop knowledge-intensive and technology-intensive industries, especially to accelerate the development of IT industry, to increase it, including finance, insurance, logistics, consulting, advertising, tourism, journalism, publishing, medical, home Economics, education, culture, scientific Research, technical services and other modern service industry development.

4.2 adopt new technologies and equipment, improve energy efficiency
As China's basic national conditions, especially the industrial stage of development and population number, so that China's traditional industries in a short time is difficult to fundamentally change its structure and proportions, so China must effectively develop and introduce advanced equipment to improve utilization of energy resources, reduce energy consumption of industrial units, net output, so as to achieve emission reduction goals, such as China should focus on cellulosic ethanol and hydrogen fuel vehicle fuel production technology, clean coal, nuclear, solar and wind energy and other advanced power generation technologies advanced energy-saving technologies, carbon capture and storage, renewable energy and other new energy technologies. Links to free download http://www.hi138.com 4.3 to develop low-carbon agriculture
Modern agriculture is based on the basis of fossil energy, fertilizers and pesticides are the backbone of modern agriculture, fertilizer and pesticides have to contribute to solve the problem of human food, but the negative effects can not be ignored, both the potential of agricultural residues, agricultural non-point source pollution and soil degradation. and fertilizer and pesticide production process itself consumes a lot of fossil fuels, produce large amounts of carbon dioxide emissions.

Therefore, long-term development of agriculture, the development of low-carbon agriculture is the obvious choice, so we must actively explore the road to go low-carbon farming, agricultural production process to reduce dependence on fossil fuels, such as through the straw, increasing soil nutrients , using manure instead of chemical fertilizers, the use of bio-pesticides, bio-pest control to replace chemical pesticides, the use of biodegradable agricultural film instead of non-degradable agricultural films, to promote three-dimensional model and energy-saving agricultural crop agriculture and the strengthening of the use of agricultural waste, such as the straw, straw gasification.

4.4 adjusting the agricultural structure and proportion
This requires that in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery rational distribution of the structure and proportion, in particular, to accelerate the pace of afforestation, increase carbon sink forest grass. The appropriate reducing scale farming grass industry, such as Grain for Green Project continue. Research shows that 1% increase in forest cover, they can absorb from the atmosphere 710 million tons of carbon fixed 0.60 [2] in farming, increase the development of recirculating aquaculture, ecological farming and shellfish farming algae, reducing the water consumption.

4.5 optimize the energy structure, develop alternative energy and renewable energy
Coal in China's energy structure, the proportion of large coal utilization in the premise is not high, a high percentage of coal use would mean higher carbon emissions, which is contrary to the meaning of low-carbon economy, in order to This country should adjust the existing energy structure and optimization, to accelerate the development of new energy, and gradually reduce the proportion of coal in the energy, speed up new energy, renewable energy, low-carbon technologies and carbon sequestration Research and development; great efforts to develop solar, hydro , wind, nuclear, geothermal and other new energy sources, and comprehensively promote energy saving in agriculture and rural work, and strive to improve energy efficiency, reduce emissions and promote energy from waste, resource utilization, take the path of development of biomass energy.


5 Conclusion
Low-carbon energy-saving environmental protection industry is a new industry, the development of low-carbon industry is long-term economic development in today's world a natural choice; to go low-carbon industries of China's roads, both in line with current economic and social requirements of sustainable development, in line with the global climate and environment cooperation requirements take the road of low-carbon industry is China's industrial upgrading of the inevitable choice. While low-carbon industries involved in many areas, industry and all aspects of life, which requires our constant exploration and practice, we believe that our country will be able to seek out a more reasonable environmental protection, sustainable low-carbon industries and achieve industry by the "carbon" to "low carbon" by leaps and bounds, economic, social, and the harmonious development between man and nature.

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Links to free download http://www.hi138.com