Analysis of the severity of its impact on the evolution of the practical significance of national economic management network to write papers _

Network to write papers: Paper Keywords: severity of the theory of Economic reform; macro-control
Abstract: Theory is the severity of the centralized feudal state in ancient China gradually formed after the establishment of a monopoly of feudal despotism Economic theory after the formation of this theory, the Economic development of China's feudal society has a significant impact on the severity of the Article from the analysis concept, meaning to stArt, focus on analysis of the theory of Economic reforms under the guidance of practice and characteristics of the Han dynasty, and ultimately settled on the theory of evolution of the severity of the Economic management of China's current practice of practical significance and inspiration.


First, the "severity" concept and the severity of the theories outlined
"Severity" is a "pipe>> on the severity of the pArticular one of the most important concept that it is the first component of the severity of the monetary metal, and later changed to the value of size that is synonymous with expensive or cheap, that the concept of monetary value from the performance turned into a performance The concept of equal merchandise.

Extended to the severity of the theory, its essence is the centralized feudal state monopoly of trade and industry through the implementation of economic despotism. Because of this theory is to study the market supply and demand and prices of goods on the "severity" relationship, and on this basis, further research feudal state how to use the commodity currencies "severity" change, to adjust the commodity currency intervention in order to achieve their own political, economic purposes, it is called light and heavy theory.

Second, the severity of the Western Han Dynasty period of economic reform under the guidance and the effectiveness of
Theory of the early severity of the most in-depth practical application goes back to the Han Dynasty period, which hosted the direct guidance of the Sang Hongyang economic reform, effectively reversing the situation of insufficient revenue Han Dynasty, contributed to the flourishing development of the Han Dynasty, when Sang Hong Sheep on the severity of the application of the theory in the following three aspects:
First, the consolidation and development of salt official business. Salt production and living necessities of the people. The early Han Dynasty in the "inaction" of thought, the salt production of laissez-faire. To the Emperor Wu period, insufficient funds to address the problem, Sang Hong Emperor sheep were all approved by the official camp of salt to rectify, he set up dozens of large Cheng DepArtment of Agriculture, Division of salt in charge of each gun were lost, on behalf of the court to implement and enforce the economic policies based on consolidation on the further development of the salt government-run business. Since then, salt official business on a larger scale throughout the country vigorously on its way.

Second, the promotion are lost. Pilot sites in the form of taxes to the government's material, as has been shipped overseas by the Business and slave owners who sold souvenirs. Turned over after the excess, government purchases, the officer will have lost its transported to expensive areas for sale. the court is required to use the money to the materials where to buy low price. This approach not only to overcome the tribute transmission losses exist in the middle, high freight and other issues, but also limit the speculation business of slave-owners, has a commercial interest in the country.

Third, the implementation of stabilization. Stabilization is the government in the capital cities and commercial commodities trading, "that you sell it, then buy the cheap", so that the "rich merchants nothing Mu Dali", "and all things shall Teng leap . "In order to ensure the success of this policy, in the capital set up a" House Committee "(goods warehouse, store large quantities of goods, as a regulator of prices backing.

Sang Hongyang implement these three policies, a further blow to the business of looting and slave-merger activities, the feudal state occupied the major commercial and industrial positions, and promoted in the feudal state under the control of industrial and commercial development, to consolidate the economic foundation of the feudal system . but to ensure adequate source of state revenues, the State present "people do not benefit (plus endowed the world (countries with a spare," boom.

Third, from the Guan Sang Hongyang times to the severity of the new features on the show
From time to Guan Sang Hongyang, the severity of theory in practice, be tested, but also through a series of evolution and development in order to continue showing and <<pipe severity Articles>> that is a different theory of the early severity of some new features .

(A) focus on different national economic management
The severity of the early theory that the money and food are the feudal dynasties control the national economy, to win, "the severity of the situation" critical, but that the money and the idea of ​​food as a center of gravity is not fully applicable to the feudal practice of national economic management. A , the currency is generally equivalent, food is the people's most basic means of subsistence, both of the severity of the changes have a significant effect on the national economy. Artificially create the feudal state of fluctuating currency in circulation, storm surge in food prices down, to manipulate prices and reap huge profits, market activity will inevitably lead to serious confusion, caused by the severe economic shocks, and the results more harm than good. Historically, the Han Dynasty on the issue several times in the money, the implementation of monetary weight loss, but it did not, but to facilitate the wealthy who fish in troubled waters, is a serious lesson on the other hand, feudal society to self-sufficient economy overwhelmingly dominated , despite the Western Han Dynasty, commodity economic development, but the exchange of commodities is still in the feudal economy can not afford a decisive role, only a small proportion of the food market, into a commodity.

In view of the feudal state to control food through the monopoly of the currency does not meet the actual situation of China's feudal society, therefore, Sang Hongyang to shift the focus of national economic management salt are lost peace accurate, in order to control trade, fight against wealthy, increase the feudal state revenue purposes.

(Two pairs of salt production and distribution process of the implementation of a comprehensive control
The severity of the early theory of the "official mountain and sea," mainly for the flow of salt monopoly aspects, through the salt monopoly, increase revenue, they do not advocate direct control and operation of the feudal state of iron production, but made with private thirty-seven divided.

Sang Hongyang salt government-run, not limited circulation, and further developed to intervene and control the salt production process. The slave trade was the remnants of not only the flow of salt used in the business of slavery, servitude and a large number of slaves engaged in salt production, and post-feudal state monopoly is with the "fat" sign, "more Yao", etc. lord replaced slave labor, which is more thorough eradication of the remnants of slavery, the feudal production not only in the salt of the circulation, but also in production have achieved dominance. Sang Hongyang government-run industrial salt, or large-scale manual workshop production, manpower, material and financial resources have a better guarantee of a strong capital and complete production equipment, so the government-run salt industry is conducive to the development of social productive forces, greater than the private advantages.

(Three in maintaining price stability, based on the increased state revenues
Although the theory of the early severity of the proposed price adjustment requirements, "or low adjustable" to combat the wealthiest businessmen of the speculation, but he focused on analysis of the feudal government to artificially create price fluctuations, to grasp the opportunity, cheap cheap to increase treasury income, price stability, after all, a minor role.

Sang Hongyang economic reform, in essence, but also to extract more surplus, increase revenue, but he was more emphasis on price stability, maintain market balance between supply and demand of goods, even for the majority of the people on the salt so that what is necessary, nor any increase, but rather for the cheap sale More importantly, the establishment of a stabilization Sang Hongyang agency to regulate the market supply and demand and commodity prices, so that "all things shall Teng Chung." a heavy blow to the wealthy while the people ho illegal speculation he balanced on the reform of the feudal regime, the price of commercial operation, for huge profits, providing a more stable and more adequate basis. Links to free download http://www.hi138.com (four in the National economic management, more focus on economic methods and administrative methods used with
<<Severity of the article>> greatly exaggerated the role of the feudal state administration, to take on orders that all problems can be solved, in fact, the severity of the early theory, methods and administrative methods of economic and not a good combination.

Sang Hongyang held leadership positions in the economy, the situation has undergone significant changes in his management of the national economy, economic methods and administrative methods to combine the one hand, relies mainly on economic organizations, the use of economic means to regulate, interfere with social economic activities to promote national economic development. Sang Hongyang canceled cord that report, salt, and other aspects of the economy are lost income as the main source of state finance the other hand, Sang Hongyang full authority of the state finance and law effect, the use of executive orders, regulations and other coercive means, a monopoly business, the effective implementation of the Western Han dynasty, the centralized management of the national economy.

Fourth, the ancient reference today, on the severity of the evolution of management practices on China's current economic inspiration
On the severity of the Han Dynasty period after Sang Hongyang enrichment and promotion has been extended to include the severity of the situation, the severity of the science and art of the severity of the feudal system of national macroeconomic management. He also proposed the use of severity depending on the circumstances, because "when the world is different from the severity of the different services also," "severity of the guidance, but clearly also of interest." Although the severity on the history of the undeniably there are some limitations, However, its impact on national economic development in the understanding of the role of today is still inspired on the severity of serious analysis of the ideological core of our today's market economy, it has great practical significance.

(A) state the effective macro-control is an important guarantee for the market economy
The severity of the substance of the theory is through the country's macro-control to achieve stable economic development. Thus, the severity of commentators have argued the need for the implementation of national macro-control. First, the macro-control is to stabilize prices, the need for rich people rich. "Gushan were commissioned to impose on the people's lack of exercise are the people more than things. Convergence plot of the light, scattered line of the weight." And also to eliminate opposition between rich and poor, the need to maintain social order, "if a subdivision , the strong can defend, if a sub-money, this can be wise. ... The ruler can not be stressed, however, so public a relative's health is a hundred times. "Finally, the severity of the theory have pointed out that national macro-control is to reduce people liturgical and increase state revenue needs.

(II countries to implement macro-control measures
First, the severity of the feudal state control on the required means of circulation - the currency in the modern economy, the state must also be based on a certain period by the central bank's economic and financial situation, the monetary and credit aggregates and the structure of control and regulation, so as to maintain currency stability, and thereby promote economic growth. the severity of claims on the national currency is the master of the ruling class in order to achieve control of economic activity, the modern economy to maintain currency stability has a similar meaning: First, can provide a relatively stable measure of value and the conversion means, to facilitate the conversion costs and profit and loss business, conducive to national estimates and to determine the proportion of major economic and promote coordinated economic growth, and secondly, to provide a stable means of trading commodity trading, between urban and rural areas to promote smooth flow of goods, once again, provide an effective means of payment, organization of national income redistribution.

Second, the severity of the feudal state of salt on the stand, iron centralized control, the implementation of state-run, relying on government-run commercial and industrial control markets and prices in a modern society, the state must be an important resource for some of the people's livelihood and to control some important industries or monopoly, in the establishment and development of a range of state-owned economy, in order to ensure the country's dominant position in the economy, can ensure stable economic growth and social harmony.

Third, the severity of claims on the country by buying the excess supply of commodities to adjust supply and demand, demand exceeds supply with low price to sell to curb soaring prices of commodities. Modern economy, which is also government influence and intervention in the market price formation and price level changes and take a necessary means and measures, for example, in order to stabilize prices of agricultural products, the grain harvest season, our government is always open to acquisition of fixed-price requirements surplus farmers in the agricultural market supply and demand is high, the throughput through the Government reserves the agricultural market demand and supply gap to narrow, stable market price levels.

References:
1, Zhao Jing, Chinese ancient classics of economic thought election [M]. Beijing University Press, 2002.

2, Zhao Lei of China History of Economic Thought [M]. Dongbei University Press, 2007.

3, Zheng Xueyi. Benefiting the people: and thinking counterparts [M]. Beijing University Press, 2005.

4, Shishi Qi of China's traditional economic ideas of [M]. Beijing University Press, 2005. Links to free download http://www.hi138.com